Ch2 Neuromuscular Anatomy/Adaptations to Conditioning

Question 1

acetylcholine

Answer 1

arrival of action potential at the nerve terminal causes release of a chemical named ____

Question 2

all-or-none principle

Answer 2

A stronger action potential cannot result in a stronger contraction is a phenomenon called ___

Question 3

extrafusal fibers

Answer 3

“normal” fiber?

Question 4

Intrafusal fibers

Answer 4

modified fibers that run parallel to the normal fibers

Question 5

muscle spindles

Answer 5

propriocepters that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue

Question 6

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)

Answer 6

proprioceptors located in tendons near myotendinous junction and are in series, that is, attached end to end with extrafusal muscle fibers

Question 7

Proprioceptors

Answer 7

specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscle, and tendons. Sensitive to pressure and tension they relay information concerining muscle dynamics to the consious and subconsious parts of the CNS

Question 8

Frequency of Activation

Answer 8

Muscular force can be graded in two ways

Question 9

Action potential

Answer 9

define action potential - set to do this whether we do it or not - preparing to perform an action

Question 10

Recruitment

Answer 10

____ is the other means of achieving an increase in force is varying the number of motor units activated

Question 11

slow-twitch

Answer 11

the type of motor units that develop force and relax slowly and have a long twitch time

Question 12

fast-twitch

Answer 12

the type of motor units that develops force rapidly. It also relaxes rapidly and has a short twitch time.

Question 13

tetanus

Answer 13

Decreasing the time interval between the twitches results in greater summation of force. The stimuli may be delivered at so high a frequency that the twitches begin to merge and eventually completely fuse. This condition is called ___.

Question 14

Adaptation to resistance training are specific to_

Answer 14

the type of exercise performed. Moreover, resistance training has no meaningful impact on aerobic power.

Question 15

kinesthetic sense

Answer 15

conscious appreciation of the body in three-dimensional space

Question 16

The force output of a muscle can be varied by____

Answer 16

Changing the number of activated motor units or by changing the frequency of activation of individual motor units

Question 17

hypertrophy

Answer 17

enlargement of muscle fibers

Question 18

twitch

Answer 18

Each action potential traveling down a motor NEURON results in a short period of activation of the muscle fibers within the motor unit referred to as ___

Question 19

Need to cover Type 1, 2 fibers with the new book

Answer 19

muscle fiber types with new book