B3b- Humans and Their Environment

Question 0

Biogas is about 70% ………. and 30% ……….

Answer 0

Methane

CO2

Question 1

Humans also reduce he amount of land and resources available for animals and plants by…..(4)

Answer 1

Building
Farming
dumping waste
Quarrying for metal ores

Question 2

Why is deforestation occurring?(3)

Answer 2

Provide timber for building materials
Clear land for farming- food and biofuels
Produce paper

Question 3

How is acid rain formed?

Answer 3

Fossil fuels with sulphur impurities burnt–> sulphur dioxide
(Also nitrogen oxides)
These dissolve in rain and react with 02 to form sulphuric and nitric acid

Question 4

Increasing population puts pressure on……

Answer 4

Environmental resources to survive and provide luxuries.

Use more raw materials (eg oil for plastics) and energy for manufacturing

Question 4

How are cars modified to reduce acidic gases before being released into the atmosphere?

Answer 4

Fitted with catalytic converters

Question 7

What is a peat bog?

Answer 7

Areas of land that are acidic and waterlogged where plants cannot fully decay as there’s not enough oxygen, so partly rotted plants form peat.

Question 8

What is fermentation?

Answer 8

When bacteria or yeast break down sugars by anaerobic respiration

Question 9

Fuels can be made by f…………….

Answer 9

Fermentation

Question 10

What is water polluted by?

Answer 10

Sewage and toxic chemicals from industry

Chemicals used in land eg fertilisers can be washed into water

Question 12

Why is the population rising?

Answer 12

Modern medicine and farming methods which have reduced the amount of people dying from disease and hunger.

Question 13

What are the effects of climate change?(4)

Answer 13

Thermal expansion of the sea and melting of ice caps = sea level rise

Changed weather patterns + more extreme weather

Changes in distribution of species and biodiversity

Changes in migration patterns - seek warmth

Question 14

Name some places that CO2 can be sequestered (locked up)

Answer 14

Oceans, lakes, ponds
Green plants
Peat bogs

Question 14

How is ethanol made?

Answer 14

Anaerobic fermentation of sugar by yeast

Question 16

Why does destroying peat bogs at co2 to the atmosphere?

Answer 16

Carbon in plants is stored in the peat, when the bogs are drained the peat can decompose and the co2 is released.

Question 17

Destroying peat bogs adds more …….. to the atmosphere

Answer 17

Co2

Question 18

What are the four factors to consider when designing a biogas generator?

Answer 18

Cost
Convenience
Efficiency
Position

Question 19

How does deforestation the to more CO2 in the atmosphere?

Answer 19

Co2 released when wood burnt
Microorganisms feeding on dead wood release co2 in respiration
Less trees = less co2 taken in for photosynthesis

Question 20

Biogas is made by anaerobic fermentation of……….

Answer 20

Plant and animal waste material

Question 21

Gases in the atmosphere act like an ………… layer. They absorb most of the heat that would normally be radiated into space and re-radiate it in all directions (including towards the earth)

Answer 21

Insulating

Question 22

……. and ………. trap heat from the sun

Answer 22

Co2

Methane

Question 23

Biogas cannot be stored as a liquid because…..

Answer 23

It needs too high a pressure

Question 24

Deforestation leads to 4 main problems…..

Answer 24

More methane in atmosphere

More CO2 in atmosphere

Less co2 taken in

Less biodiversity

Question 25

Using biogas means ………. from untreated waste is not given off into the atmosphere

Answer 25

Methane

Question 26

The by-products of biogas generators are used to …..

Answer 26

Fertilise crops and gardens

Question 27

Biogas reactions are e……thermic

Answer 27

Exothermic

Question 28

How does the destruction of forests lead to more methane in the atmosphere?

Answer 28

Rice grown in paddy fields- warm waterlogged. Ideal for decomposers which produce methane.
Cattle produce methane

Question 28

What are the problems with efficient food production? (5)

Answer 28

Cruel 
Spread of diseases
Antibiotic resistance and cost
Kept warm using fossil fuel energy
Fish stocks lowering

Question 28

How is overfishing being tackled?

Answer 28

Maintaining fish stocks at a level where the fish continue breeding by:

Fishing quotas- limits on number and size of fish

Net size- limits on mesh size of nets. Reduces number of unwanted and discarded fish as they slip through the net

Question 29

Biofuels are carbon …………

Answer 29

Neutral

Question 30

How can the air be polluted?

Answer 30

Smoke and gases released into the atmosphere eg sulphur dioxide causes acid rain

Question 34

What fungus is used to make mycoprotein?

Answer 34

Fusarium

Question 35

How is mycoprotein grown? What are the conditions like?

Answer 35

In fermenters
Using glucose syrup as food
Given oxygen to respire aerobically
Fermenter sterilised with steam to prevent other microorganisms growing

Question 36

How can land be polluted?

Answer 36

Toxic chemicals in farming (eg pesticides and herbicides)

Nuclear waste buried underground and household waste in landfill sites

Question 37

What are the advantages of mycoprotein?

Answer 37

High in protein
Grows quickly
Poor countries

Question 38

Biofuels are carbon ………

Answer 38

Neutral

Question 39

Biofuels do not produce ….(2) like fossil fuels do

Answer 39

Sulphur dioxide or nitrous oxides

Question 42

The efficiency of food production can be improved by….(3)

Answer 42

Reducing the number of stages in the food chain
Restricting the energy lost by farm animals
Developing new food sources like mycoprotein