Chapter 3.3

Question 1

Monism

Answer 1

The idea that mental activity and brain activity are inseparable. The mind is a brain function.

Question 2

Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, communicates with the rest of the body

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 3

Consisting of nerves connecting the spinal cord with the rest of the body (Somatic nervous system which connects to the skin and muscles, and the autonomic nervous system which connects to the heart stomach and other organs)

Question 4

Hemisphers

Answer 4

Left and ride sides of the brain - Each controls movement and sensation on the opposite side of the body

Question 5

Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Outer covering of the fore brain - The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.

Question 6

Occipital lobe

Answer 6

At the rear of the head, is specialized for vision. Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes

Question 7

Blindsight

Answer 7

The ability to point to or otherwise indicate the direction to a visual stimulus, without conscious perception of seeing anything at all.

Question 8

Temporal Lobe

Answer 8

Located toward the left and right sides of the head, is the main area for hearing and certain aspects of vision.

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

A structure in the temporal lobe, responds strongly to emotional situations. -is linked to both fear responses and pleasure.

Question 10

Parietal Lobe

Answer 10

Just anterior (forward) from the occipital lobe, Is specialized for the body senses, including touch, pain, temperature, and awareness of the location of body parts in space.

Question 11

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 11

(Body Sensory) A strip in the anterior portion of the parietal lobe, has cells sensitive to touch in different body ares. ( In the largest areas devoted to touch in the most sensitive areas, such as lips and hands. )

Question 12

Frontal lobe

Answer 12

At the anterior (forward) pole of the brain, includes the primary motor cortex.

Question 13

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 13

Important for controlling fine movements, such as moving a finger or wiggling a toe.

Question 14

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 14

( like ram) Anterior sections of the frontal lobe, important for memory of what has just happened and what you are planning to do next, critical for decision making, especially for bypassing a current pleasure in favor of a greater pleasure later.

Question 15

Mirror Neurons

Answer 15

Are active when you make a movement and also when you watch someone else make a similar movement. - Found in several brain areas but especially the frontal cortex.

Question 16

Epilepsy

Answer 16

A condition in which cells somewhere in the brain emit abnormal rhythmic, spontaneous impulses.

Question 17

Corpus Callosum

Answer 17

A set of axons that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.

Question 18

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 18

Uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changes in brain electrical activity

Question 19

Magnetoencephalograph (MEG

Answer 19

Which records magnetic changes.

Question 20

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Answer 20

Records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from injected chemicals.

Question 21

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer 21

Uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare the amounts of hemoglobin with and without oxygen in different brain areas.

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Located just below the thalamus, is important for hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sex and other motivated behaviors.

Question 23

Pons and Medulla

Answer 23

Control the muscles of the head

Question 24

Spinal cord

Answer 24

Which controls the muscles from the neck down

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

Is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus

Question 26

Cerebellum

Answer 26

(Latin for little brain) part of the hindbrain, is important for any behavior that requires aim or timing.

Question 27

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 27

Closely associated with the spinal cord, controls the heart, digestive system, and other organs. (autonomic means involuntary or automatic)

Question 28

Endocrine System

Answer 28

Glands that produce hormones and release them into the blood.

Question 29

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 29

Part one of ANS - controlled by a chain of cells lying just outside the spinal cord, increases heart rate, breathing rate, sweating and other processes that are important for vigorous fight or flight activities. Inhibits digestion and sexual arousal.

Question 30

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 30

Part two of ANS - controlled by cells at the top and bottom levels of the spinal cord, decreases heart rate, increases digestive activities, and in general promotes body activities that take place during rest and relaxation

Question 31

Hormones

Answer 31

Are chemicals released by glands and conveyed by the blood to alter activity in various organs.

Question 32

Plasticity

Answer 32

Changes as a result of experience

Question 33

Stem cells

Answer 33

Undifferentiated cells. Develop into new neurons in certain brain areas. - can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells

Question 34

The Binding Problem

Answer 34

The question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce a unified perception of a single object