[5.1] Religious fundamentalism Flashcards
According to Giddens (1990), who are fundamentalists?
Traditionalists who seek to return to the basics or fundamentals of their religion.
What do fundamentalists believe in?
They believe literally and unquestionably in the exact words of their scriptures, and believe their view is the only true view of the world.
What does fundamentalism promise that late modern society cannot?
Certainty and rigid religious beliefs.
What is cosmopolitanism?
A way of thinking that embraces modernity, and is in keeping with today’s globalised world.
How is one’s lifestyle seen under cosmopolitanism?
As a personal choice, rather than something prescribed by external forces.
How does Bauman (1992) see fundamentalism?
As a response to post-modernity, which brings freedom of choice.
What are the two responses to post-modernity that Castells (1998) distinguishes between?
Resistant identity - a defensive reaction of those who feel threatened.
Project identity - the response of those who are forward looking and progressive.
How does Beckford (2003) criticise Giddens, Bauman and Castells?
- They distinguish too sharply between cosmopolitan and fundamental movements.
- They ignore how globalisation affects non-fundamentalist religions such as Catholicism.
- All types of fundamentalism are tarred with the same brush.
What does Bruce (2007) see as the cause of fundamentalism?
The perception of religious leaders that today’s globalising world threatens their beliefs and values.
Which type of religion does Bruce (2007) see fundamentalism as restricted to?
Monotheistic religions.
What is fundamentalism usually a response to in the West?
A change or trend towards diversity and choice.
What is fundamentalism usually a response to in the East?
Change being thrust upon a society from the outside.
