tissue mechanics

Question 1

when acted on by external forces, objects may __ / ___ in the direction of the net force/torque

Answer 1

translate

rotate

Question 2

local shape change under the effect of applied forces is called \_\_\_, which dep on material:
properties
size/shape
environment
force

Answer 2

deformation

Question 3

___ is stretching longitudinally, while ___ is a material pushed together creating a deforming stress

Answer 3

tension

compression

Question 4

___ is a combo of tensile and compressive loads

Answer 4

bending

Question 5

___ is forces parallel to e/o in opposite directions, while ____ forces twisting/rotation in opp directions (about long axis)

Answer 5

shear

torsion

Question 6

tension elements of the body

Answer 6

soft tissues
IVD (during rotation)
annular fibers (bear tensile loads)

Question 7

compressive forces are transmitted to the vb & ___ in the spine, while the ___ dissipates that force by redirecting it radially

Answer 7

IVD

nucleus pulposus

Question 8

first structure to fail in compression in the spine is the cartilaginous endplate, which is then termed a

Answer 8

nuclear herniation (schmorl’s node)

Question 9

compressive loads in extension are transmitted thru the ___, leading to ___ injuries

Answer 9

facets

capsular

Question 10

compressive loads applied with ___ along the long axis (ROTATION) can produce circumferential tears in the __ __ of the IVD

Answer 10

torque

annular fibers

Question 11

body part frequently fractured due to bending

Answer 11

long bones

Question 12

____ bones are most at risk for a shear fracture, while __ joints and the fibers of the __ __ RESIST shear forces

Answer 12

cancellous
facet
annulus fibrosus

Question 13

__% of the resistance to torque of a motion segment is provided by the IVDs, the ____ providing the most

Answer 13

90

annulus

Question 14

4 elements that resist rotation that can fail following excessive rotational force

Answer 14

facet joint
pars interarticularis
capsule (tear)
* annulus* (circumf tear)

Question 15

___ fracture of LONG bones can follow torsional load failure

Answer 15

spiral