Pages 19-20

Question 0

Self efficacy

Answer 0

A person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation

Question 1

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 1

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior

Question 2

Selective attention

Answer 2

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 3

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) treatment

Answer 3

A form of depression in which patients are given a timed daily dose of intense light

Question 4

Residual (Subtype of Schizophrenia)

Answer 4

Withdrawl after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared

Question 5

Undifferentiated (Subtype of Schizophrenia)

Answer 5

Many and varied symptoms

Question 6

Catatonic (Subtype of Schizophrenia)

Answer 6

Immobility (or excessive purposeless movement) extreme negativism and/or parrot like repeating of another’s speech or movements

Question 7

Disorganized (Subtype of Schizophrenia)

Answer 7

Disorganized speech or behavior or flat or inappropriate emotions

Question 8

Paranoid (Subtype of Schizophrenia)

Answer 8

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations; often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

Question 9

Schizophrenia (causes)

Answer 9

Dopamine overactivity, abnormal brain activity and anatomy and maternal virus during mid pregnancy

Question 10

Schema

Answer 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 11

Variable-interval schedule

Answer 11

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Question 12

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 12

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific time has elapsed

Question 13

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 13

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 14

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 14

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Question 15

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 15

Reinforcing the desired response every time occurs

Question 16

Schachters two factor theory

Answer 16

The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience memory one must physically be aroused and cognitively to label the arousal

Question 17

Scatter plot: correlations (from -1 to 1)

Answer 17

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation)

Question 18

Rogers client-centered therapy (also called person centered therapy)

Answer 18

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients growth

Question 19

Robert Rescorla’s findings on conditioning

Answer 19

An animal can learn the predictability of an event

Question 20

Robbers Cave experiment

Answer 20

Having two groups compete and become hostile then giving them SUBORDINATE GOALS- shared goals that could be achieved only through cooperation

Question 21

Risky shift phenomenon

Answer 21

In social psychology, the observed tendency for people to make more daring decisions when they’re in groups than when they’re alone

Question 22

Reticular formation

Answer 22

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal

Question 23

REM (paradoxical) sleep

Answer 23

Rapid eye movement sleep; a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur

Question 24

Reliability

Answer 24

The extent to which a test yields consistent results

Question 25

Reflex arc

Answer 25

Neural circuit activated in a reflex response

Question 26

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 26

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Question 27

Recessive vs dominant genes

Answer 27

Dominant genes need only 1 allele to be expressed; recessive needs 2

Question 28

Recency effect

Answer 28

Briefly recalling the last items especially quickly and well

Question 29

Recall

Answer 29

Retrieving information learned earlier

Question 30

Reality principle

Answer 30

Gratify the Id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure

Question 31

Prototype

Answer 31

A mental image or best example of a category

Question 32

Proximity (relationships)

Answer 32

We also like those who like us

Question 33

Prospective behavior

Answer 33

Remembering to perform a planned action or intention at the appropriate time

Question 34

Prosocial behavior

Answer 34

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior

Question 35

Rorschach test

Answer 35

People describe what they see in a series of ink blots

Question 36

TAT test

Answer 36

Persons responses reveal underlying motives, concerns, and perceptions

Question 37

Procedural memory

Answer 37

Our automatic memory system for motor and cognitive skills and classically conditioned associations

Question 38

Primary vs secondary reinforcers

Answer 38

Primary is innately satisfying while secondary is satisfying due to reward

Question 39

Primacy effect

Answer 39

When recall is best for first items

Question 40

Premack principle

Answer 40

States that more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors