Chapter 34 Flashcards
Oswald Spengler
Published “the decline of the west”, in which he proposed that all societies pass through a life cycle of growth & decay like the cycle of life. Led him to conclude that European society was reaching the final stages of existence.
lost generation
a label given (by Gertrude Stein) to the group of American intellectuals and literati who congregated in Paris in the postwar years
Albert Einstein
Theory of special relativity- showed that there is no single spacial & chronological framework of the universe. No longer made to speak of space and time as absolutes.
uncertainty principle
Theory formulated by Werner Heisenberg which stated that it is impossible to specify simultaneously the position & velocity of a subatomic particle.
Sigmund Freud
Identified a conflict which suggested to him the existence of a repressive mechanism that keeps painful memories away from the conscious mind.
Edgar Degas
French impressionist whose study of Japanese prints led him to experience visual angles and asymmetrical compositions
Pablo Picasso
His works were the leading proponent of cubism & they displayed the influence of African art forms
Black Thursday
October 24, a wave of panic selling on the New York Stock Exchange caused stock prices to plummet. Thousands of people lost their life savings.
John Maynard Keynes
“The General Theory of Employement, Interest, & Money”- his answer to the problem of depression. He urged governments to play an active role & stimulate the economy by increasing money supply and he advised governments to undertake public works projects to provide jobs etc.
New Deal
Franklin Roosevelt made proposals for dealing with the national calamity which included legislation destined to prevent the collapse of banking sty stem, provide jobs, etc.
war communism
unplanned & hasty course of nationalization which the new rulers of Russia embarked on during the course of the (Russian) civil war
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Temporarily retired the market economy and some private enterprises in Russia. Implemented by Lenin to show compromise
Joseph Stalin
Promoted the idea of socialism in one country. Had an adopted surname meaning “man of steel”.
First Five-Year Plan
Stalin replaced Lenin’s NEP with a plan for rapid economic development. Basic aims: transform Soviet Union from predominantly agricultural to leading industrial power
facism
political movement and ideology that sought to create a new type of society; developed as a reaction against the spread of socialism and communism
