Module 2 - Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes And Analysis Flashcards
Reflux
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the content s of the flask boiling dry.
Volatility
The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas. Increases as boiling point decreases.
Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with s carboxylate a if to produce an ester and water.
Dehydration
An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
Hydrolysis
A reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
Nucleophilic substitution
A type of substitution reaction in which a Nucleophile is attracted to an election-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
Limiting reagent
The substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first.
Atom economy
Molecular mass of desired product divided by the sum of the molecular masses of all the products (x100).
Molecular ion, M+
The positive ion corned in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron.
Fragmentation
The process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragrant ion.
Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Electrophile
An electron pair acceptor.
Nucleophile
An electron pair donor.
