Cell structure 4&28 Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Fluid inside cells
Eukaryote
cell with a nucleus and internal membranes
Prokaryote
Cell with no nucleus or internal membrane
Peptidoglycan
Protein in bacterial cell walls
Gram Positive Bacteria
tons of peptidoglycan in cell
many antibiotics against it
Plasmid
molecule of DNA which is not part of a chromosome
circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm
Replicates on its own
Gram Negative Bacteria
tough to delete
not much peptidoglycan
Organelle
any structure inside a cell which has a specific function
Cell theory
All organisms composed of cells
cells are smallest living things
cells only made by other cells
What are the three phylogenies
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Explain the surface area to volume ratio
- supply >/= demand
- surface area >/= volume
- for reactions to occur substances are taken in and waste is removed
- when cell increases in size ratio decreases
- SA/V
- if too much surface area chemicals can enter cell too fast
- if volume isnt increased enough cell cant take in/get rid of substances fast enough
What do cells do about the surface area to volume problem
multicellularity (same volume, more SA)
flattening cell (same volume, more SA)
What 4 things do all cells have
Cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
Cytoplasm (Mix of solutes and cytosol)
DNA (in a nucleoid or nucleus)
Ribsomoes (Synthesize proteins)
Explain Ribosomes
Make proteins through translation (RNA->Proteins)
ribosomes can be free in cytoplasm or within internam membranes (Euks)
What does an internal membrane mean when determineing prokaryotes from eukaryotes
without internal membrane= prokaryote
with internal membrane = eukaryote
They regulate what goes in and out of the cell
List some charistics of prokaryotes (7)
Unicellular
Small sized
Genome= 1 loop of double stranded dna
divide by binary fission (no mitosis)
evolve within a generation (horizontol gene transfer)
no internal compartments
-metabolic diversity
(photosythesis= oxygenic and anoxygenic)
(Chemosysthesis = metabolize inorganic compounds)
how to prokaryotes reproduce
asexually
no evolution bc they have the same DNA (evolve within same generation)