36) Unit 2 - Immune Response to Parasites Flashcards Preview

CFE - Advanced Higher Biology > 36) Unit 2 - Immune Response to Parasites > Flashcards

Flashcards in 36) Unit 2 - Immune Response to Parasites Deck (13)
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1
Q

name the 2 types of defence mammals have against parasites

A
  • Non specific

* Specific

2
Q

List 5 types of non specific defence

A
  • Skin
  • Chemical secretion e.g. tears, mucus
  • Inflammatory response
  • Phagocytes
  • Natural killer cells
3
Q

Describe how inflammatory response works to defend against parasites

A
  • Inflammation occurs when blood rushes to a cut

* This increases the number of white blood cells to that area which can attack potential parasites from entering

4
Q

Describe how phagocytes defend against parasites

A
  • Phagocytes recognise foreign antigens on the surface of parasites
  • They engulf the parasite by enfolding their plasma membrane around the parasite
  • The parasite is brought into the phagocyte in a vacuole/vesicle
  • Lysosomes in the phagocytes fuse with the vacuole and release digestive enzymes which digest the parasite
5
Q

describe how natural killers defend against parasite

A

•These are lymphocytes responsible for destroying abnormal cells

6
Q

what types of cells carry out immune surveillance

A

white blood cells

7
Q

which white blood cells are used in specific defence against parasites

A

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

8
Q

What role do phagocytes play in specific defence against parasites

A

phagocytes present foreign antigens on their surface to T lymphocytes

9
Q

why are endoparasites sucessful against the host immune system

A
  • mimic the hosts antigens to remain undetected
  • modify host immune system so it does not attack
  • high antigenic variation
10
Q

why does high antigenic variation allow the parasite to be successful

A

allows them to evolve faster than the host immune system can respond to the new antigens

11
Q

why does high antigenic variation allow the parasite to be successful

A

allows them to evolve faster than the host immune system can respond to the new antigens

12
Q

what is epidemiology

A

the study off the outbreak and spread of infectious diesease

13
Q

what is herd immunity and what is herd immunity threshold

A

Herd immunity:
the protection that is offered to susceptible individuals by resistant individuals

Herd immunity threshold:
the density of resistant hosts in the population required to prevent an epidemic

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