Ions

Question 1

What do atoms contain?

Answer 1

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 2

What does the mass number tell you?

Is it the bottom or top number?

Answer 2

Total number of protons + neutrons

Top

Question 3

What does the Atomic Number tell you?

Is it the bottom or top number?

Answer 3

Number of protons (therefore electrons)

Bottom

Question 4

Atoms of the same element will have the same number of….

So atoms of different elements will have different numbers of ….

Answer 4

protons

protons

Question 5

How do you get the number of neutrons from the numbers?

Answer 5

Subtract the atom number from the mass number

Question 6

Why aren’t electrons counted in the mass number?

Answer 6

Because their relative mass is so small

Question 7

How are compounds formed?

What is the issue with compounds?

Answer 7

When atoms of two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
They’re difficult to separate once bonded

Question 8

What is an isotope?

Answer 8

A different atomic form of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

Question 9

So isotopes must have the …. atomic number but …. mass numbers to their previous element state.
If they had a different amount of protons they would be …. elements

Answer 9

same…. different

different

Question 10

What are a popular pair of isotopes? Describe them with P, E, N

Answer 10

Carbon 12, P6 E6 N6

Carbon 14, P6 E6 N8

Question 11

What happens in ionic bonding? (2 stages simple)

Answer 11

Atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles (called ions)
which are then strongly attracted to one another because of their opposite charges.

Question 12

Why do atoms want to ionically bond and how? (Group 1 + 2)
Shells…
Get rid of…
Cling to …

Answer 12

Atoms in group 1 and 2 have one or two electrons on their outer shell
they are keen to get rid of these so they can have the outer shell of a noble gas
so when they get rid of the electrons they become charged particles, ions,
and attract to the nearest of opposite charge, the atom taking the electron.

Question 13

Describe an example of a very common ionic bond...
The reactants
What 1. does with its electrons,
What 2. does,
Then what happens to them both?

Answer 13

Sodium + chlorine
The sodium gives up its outer electron to become Na+ and the Chlorine picks up the electron to become Cl-
The two have opposite charges and so attract to each other.

Question 14

Ionic bonds produce ….

Answer 14

giant ionic structures

Question 15

What structure do ionic compounds have?

Answer 15

A regular lattice structure

Question 16

What do ionic compounds always have?

What do the ions form?

Answer 16

Giant ionic lattices

A closely packed regular lattice arrangement

Question 17

What are the forces in a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 17

Very strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged atoms in all directions

Question 18

Describe a crystal of sodium chloride in terms of ionic lattices….
Shape
What’s happening to the ions (simple)

Answer 18

It is one giant ionic lattice, hence it’s cuboid shape

The ions are held together in this lattice.

Question 19

Ionic compounds all have similar properties…

1. What temperature are the melting and boiling points? (simple)
2. Why?
3. When ionic compounds melt…
4. What happens ionic compounds in water, and the….

Answer 19

1. High
2. The very strong attraction between the ions takes a lot of energy to overcome - so high temps are needed
3. The ions are free to move so they’ll carry electric current
4. They dissolve easily, ions separate and are free to move in the solution, so they carry electric current

Question 20

How do you get an ionic compound to conduct electricity?

Answer 20

Melt it or dissolve it in water

Question 21

What are ions?

Answer 21

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 22

What structure of sub atomic particles do ions have?

Answer 22

The same as a noble gas

Question 23

Which elements are most ready to lose electrons?

Answer 23

Elements in Group 1+2, and 6+7

Question 24

Group 1 + 2 atoms lose electrons to form …. ions

Group 6 + 7 atoms gain electrons to form …. ions

Answer 24

positive

negative

Question 25

The charge is the same as the …… …….. of the element

Answer 25

group number

Question 26

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound and why?

Answer 26

O because it is made up of a + part and a - part, so all the negatives balance with the positives

Question 27

Magnesium chloride is made up of Mg2+ ions and Cl- ions, what is its formula?

Answer 27

MgCl2

Question 28

How do you draw/write an ionic compound?

Write electronic structure of Sodium chloride… Na+ + Cl- = (describe the picture and notes)

Answer 28

In square brackets with + or - to show the charges of the boxes
[Sodium ion, three rings, full shells] Na+ underneath, a + at the top right hand corner, the same for Cl- on its right.