Origins of the Cold War : 4/6/15

Question 1

In _________, ___, in 1944, delegates from __ countries met to discuss the new organization, the ____ ____ (?).

Answer 1

Washington, DC, 39, United Nations (UN)

Question 2

The __ would have a ______ ____, in which each member nation in the world would have one vote.

Answer 2

UN, General Assembly

Question 3

The UN would also have a _______ ______ with __ members.

Answer 3

Security Council, 11

Question 4

Five countries would be permanent members of the Security Council : ______, ______, _____, ____ _____, and the ______ ____. The five permanent members would have ____ power.

Answer 4

Britain, France, China, Soviet Union, and the United States. Veto

Question 5

The ______ _______ was given the power to vote on resolutions and to choose the non-permanent members of the Security Council.

Answer 5

General Assembly

Question 6

The ______ ______ is responsible for international peace and security.

Answer 6

Security Council

Question 7

February 1945, ___, _______, and _____ met at _____– a ______ resort on the ______ ___– to plan the postwar world.

Answer 7

FDR, Churchill, Stalin, Yalta, Soviet, Black Sea

Question 8

A key issue discussed at Yalta was _____.

Answer 8

Poland

Question 9

FDR and Churchill agreed to recognize the _____ government set up by the _____.

Answer 9

Polish, Soviets

Question 10

After reaching a compromise on Poland, the three leaders agreed to the ________ of _______ ______.

Answer 10

Declaration of Liberated Europe

Question 11

The declaration echoed the _______ _____, asserting “the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live.”

Answer 11

Atlantic Charter

Question 12

The powers also agreed to divide _______ into four zones. _____ _____, the __, the _____ ____, and ______ would each control a zone.

Answer 12

Germany, Great Britain, US, Soviet Union, France

Question 13

The same four countries would also divide _____ into four zones, even though it was in the _____ ____.

Answer 13

Berlin, Soviet Union

Question 14

The _____ would remove i______ m_____, r______ c____, and other equipment from Germany as r______.

Answer 14

Allies, industrial machinery, railroad cars, reparations

Question 15

_____ marked a turning point in Soviet-American relations.

Answer 15

Yalta

Question 16

The ____ ___, an era of confrontation and competition between nations, lasted from about ____, to about ____.

Answer 16

Cold War, 1946, 1990

Question 17

They wanted to keep ______ weak and make sure that the countries between _______ and the _____ _____ were under Soviet control.

Answer 17

Germany, Germany, Soviet Union

Question 18

Soviet leaders believed that ______ was a superior economic system that would eventually replace ______.

Answer 18

Communism, capitalism

Question 19

American leaders believed that the ____ _____ became so severe because nations reduced _____.

Answer 19

Great Depression, trade

Question 20

By 1945, ___ and his advisers were convinced that economic growth through world ______ was the key to _____.

Answer 20

FDR, trade, peace

Question 21

They passed a resolution that made ______ punishable internationally.

Answer 21

Genocide

Question 22

The text of the C______ on the P______ and P_________ of the C____ of G_______ became the first UN h____ r____ treaty.

Answer 22

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, human rights

Question 23

______ _______, the first US delegate to the __, chaired the UN C______ on H_____ R_____ in 1948.

Answer 23

Eleanor Roosevelt, UN, Commission on Human Rights

Question 24

U______ D______ of H______ R____, which promoted the inherent dignity of every human being and was a commitment to end _________.

Answer 24

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, discrimination

Question 25

_____ was strongly anti-communist.

Answer 25

Truman

Question 26

The meeting between Soviet foreign minister _____ and _____ marked an important shift in Soviet-American relations.

Answer 26

Molotov, Truman

Question 27

In July 1945, ______ and _____ met at ______ (Conference), near _____.

Answer 27

Truman, Stalin, Potsdam, Berlin

Question 28

______ suggested the Soviets take _______ from their zones, while the Allies allowed _______ to revive in the other zones.

Answer 28

Truman, reparations, industry

Question 29

At ______, _____ also learned of the successful US ____ _____ tests.

Answer 29

Potsdam, Truman, atomic bomb

Question 30

The ______ _______ marked another increase in tensions.

Answer 30

Potsdam Conference

Question 31

The ______ _____ ensured that pro-Soviet ______ governments would eventually be established in P_____, R______, B____, H____, and C_________.

Answer 31

Soviet Army, Communist, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia

Question 32

The C_______ C______ of E_____ E____ came to be called _______ ______.

Answer 32

Communist Countries of Eastern Europe, satellite nations

Question 33

______ referred to an “____ ______” falling across ______ ______.

Answer 33

Churchill, iron curtain, Eastern Europe

Question 34

For the next __ years, “___ ______” described the Communist nations of E______ E____ and the S____ U_____.

Answer 34

43, iron curtain, Eastern Europe, Soviet Union

Question 35

The ___ ______ separated Eastern Europe from Western Europe.

Answer 35

Iron Curtain

Question 36

On Feb 22, 1946, diplomat _______ _______ responded to the Soviets with what became known as the _____ ________.

Answer 36

George Kennan, Long Telegram

Question 37

The ____ _____ was a message, thousands of words long, explaining Kennan’s views on the Soviets.

Answer 37

Long Telegram

Question 38

_____ proposed what became known as basic American policy throughout the Cold War, _______.

Answer 38

Kennan, containment

Question 39

On August 1946, ______ demanded join control of the D______ with _____.

Answer 39

Stalin, Dardanelles, Turkey

Question 40

Presidential advisor ____ ______ saw this move as part of a Soviet plan to control the _____ ____.

Answer 40

Dean Acheson, Middle East

Question 41

The ______ _____’s purpose was to help countries resist being taken over by Communist forces. It also pledged the __ to fight the spread of communism worldwide.

Answer 41

Truman Doctrine, US

Question 42

Secretary of State, G______ __. M_____ proposed the E_______ R______ P_____, or M______ P___.

Answer 42

George C. Marshall, European Recovery Program, Marshall Plan

Question 43

The ______ ___ would give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.

Answer 43

Marshall Plan

Question 44

Truman saw both the ______ ___ and the ______ ______ essential for _________.

Answer 44

Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, containment

Question 45

They created the F____ R_____ of G______ which became known as ___ _______.

Answer 45

Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany

Question 46

The Soviet Zone became the G_____ D______ R_____, or ____ _______.

Answer 46

German Democratic Republic, East Germany

Question 47

In June 1948, Soviet troops blockaded ____ ______ to force the US to reconsider its decision or abandon West Berlin.

Answer 47

West Berlin

Question 48

The _____ _____ began in June 1948 and continued through the spring of 1949, bringing in more than two million tons of supplies to the city.

Answer 48

Berlin Airlift

Question 49

The _____ ______ symbolized America’s determination to contain _______ and not give in to Soviet demands.

Answer 49

Berlin Airlift, communism

Question 50

In April 1949, the _____ _____ _____ ________ (?) was founded as a mutual defense alliance.

Answer 50

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 51

_____ initially included __ countries: __, C_____, B_____, F_____, I___, B_____, D_____, P_____, N______, L_________, I_____.

Answer 51

NATO, 12, US, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Iceland

Question 52

____ allowed ____ ______ to rearm and join its organization.

Answer 52

NATO, West Germany

Question 53

The Soviet’s responded by creating a military alliance in Eastern Europe known as the ______ ____.

Answer 53

Warsaw Pact

Question 54

In ____, Communist forces led by ___ ______ had been struggling against the _______ government.

Answer 54

China, Mao Zedong, Nationalist

Question 55

By 1949 ______ had captured the _____ capital of _______.

Answer 55

Communists, Chinese, Beijing

Question 56

The defeated nationalists had fled to the small island of _______ (now called _____).

Answer 56

Formosa, Taiwan

Question 57

Communists established the ______‘_ _____ of ____ in October in 1949.

Answer 57

People’s Republic of China

Question 58

The __ ______ ______ used its veto powers to keep representatives of the newly formed _______ _____ out of the UN.

Answer 58

UN Security Council, Communist China

Question 59

In September 1949, the _____ _____ announced that it had successfully tested its first _____ _____.

Answer 59

Soviet Union, atomic weapon

Question 60

The ____ divided _____ at the __th parallel of latitude.

Answer 60

Allies, Korea, 38

Question 61

On June 25, 1950, _____ Korean troops invaded the south, driving back the poorly equipped _____ Korean forces.

Answer 61

North, South

Question 62

_____ saw the Communist invasion as a test to the ________ policy.

Answer 62

Truman, containment

Question 63

With the pledge of the UN troops, he ordered General ________ to send American troops from _____ to _____.

Answer 63

MacArthur, Japan, Korea

Question 64

The American and South Korean troops were driven back into a small pocket of territory near the port of _____

Answer 64

Pusan

Question 65

On September 15, 1950, _______ ordered a daring invasion behind the enemy lines at the port of ______.

Answer 65

MacArthur, Inchon

Question 66

______ pushed the _____ Koreans north to the ____ _____, the border of _____.

Answer 66

MacArthur, North, Yalu River, China

Question 67

______ publically criticized the president and argued that it was a mistake to keep the war ______.

Answer 67

MacArthur, limited

Question 68

______ ___ is a war fought with limited commitment of resources to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism.

Answer 68

Limited war

Question 69

Truman would fire MacArthur for ___________ in April 1951.

Answer 69

Insubordination

Question 70

In July 1951, peace negotiations began at ________.

Answer 70

Panmunjom

Question 71

In 1952 _______ __ __________ was elected president.

Answer 71

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 72

To get the _______ out of the war, ______ hinted that the US might nuke ____.

Answer 72

Chinese, Eisenhower, Korea

Question 73

To this day the _______ ___ (?) separating North and South Korea is the __th parallel.

Answer 73

Demilitarized zone (DMZ), 38

Question 74

The ______ ___ marked a turning point in the ____ ___.

Answer 74

Korean War, Cold War

Question 75

In 1954, the US signed defense agreements with ____, _____ ____, and ______.

Answer 75

Japan, South Korea, Taiwan

Question 76

The US also formed the _______ ____ ____ ________ (?).

Answer 76

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

Question 77

The ___ ______ began in September 1945.

Answer 77

Red Scare

Question 78

Soon the search for _____ would take place and this escalated into a general fear of ________ _______.

Answer 78

Spies, Communist subversion

Question 79

_________ is a systematic attempt to overthrow a government by using person working secretly from within.

Answer 79

Subversion

Question 80

FBI Director __ ______ ______ remained unsatisfied.

Answer 80

J. Edgar Hoover

Question 81

In 1947, he went before the ______ __-______ ______ ________ (?).

Answer 81

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Question 82

_____’s first hearings in 1947 focused on the ____ industry.

Answer 82

HUAC, film

Question 83

______ ______ was the head of the ______ ______ guild at the time and testified that there were Communists in _________.

Answer 83

Ronald Reagan, Screen Actors, Hollywood

Question 84

In 1948, _______ _______, told HUAC that several government officials were former Communists or spies.

Answer 84

Whittaker Chambers

Question 85

Chambers named _____ ____ as a Communist spy.

Answer 85

Alger Hiss

Question 86

____ would sue _______ for ____, but Chambers testified that Hiss had given him secret _____ _________ documents.

Answer 86

Hiss, Chambers, libel, State Department

Question 87

_________ representative _____ _____ convinced his colleagues to continue the hearings to determine who lied.

Answer 87

California, Richard NIxon

Question 88

In 1950 the hunt for spies led the FBI to arrest ____ and _____ ________.

Answer 88

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Question 89

The government charged them with spying for the _____.

Answer 89

Soviets

Question 90

The Rosenbergs denied the charges but were condemned to death for ________.

Answer 90

Espionage

Question 91

In 1946 American and British cryptographers, working for a project code-named “______” cracked the _____ _____’s spy code.

Answer 91

Venona, Soviet Union

Question 92

The ______ documents provided strong evidence that the ________ were indeed guilty.

Answer 92

Venona, Rosenbergs

Question 93

The ________ of _______ required its faculty to take ________ ____ and fired ___ that refused.

Answer 93

University of California, loyalty oaths, 157

Question 94

The ___-_____ __ of ____ required union leaders to take oaths saying that they were not Communists.

Answer 94

Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

Question 95

In 1949 the ___ _____ intensified as the Soviet Union tested an atomic bomb and _____ fell to Communism.

Answer 95

Red Scare, China

Question 96

_______ proclaimed that ________ were a danger at home and abroad.

Answer 96

McCarthy, Communists

Question 97

McCarthy distributed a booklet accusing __________ _____ leaders of corruption and protecting communists.

Answer 97

Democratic Party

Question 98

McCarthy often targeted Secretary of State _____ _____ and _____ __ _____ of disloyalty.

Answer 98

Dean Acheson, George C. Marshal

Question 99

In 1950, Congress passed the ______ ______ ____, also called the _______ ___. –The act made it illegal to attempt to establish a totalitarian government in the US, and required all Communist-related organizations to publish their records and register with the US attorney general.

Answer 99

Internal Security Act, McCarran Act

Question 100

In 1953 ________ became chairman of the Senate subcommittee on _________.

Answer 100

McCarthy, investigations

Question 101

McCarthy’s tactic of damaging reputations with vague, unfounded charges became known as ________.

Answer 101

McCarthyism

Question 102

Later in 1953, the Senate passed a vote of ______- to express a formal disapproval of an action.

Answer 102

Censure

Question 103

_______ decided not to run for reelection in 1952, instead _______ __ _________ would run on the _________ ticket.

Answer 103

Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Republican

Question 104

Eisenhower would face off against _______ governor ______ __________, a _______.

Answer 104

Illinois, Adlai Stevenson, Democrat

Question 105

_________ was convinced that the key to ______ was not simply _______ might but a strong ________.

Answer 105

Eisenhower, victory, military, economy

Question 106

Nuclear weapons, Eisenhower said, gave “_____ _____ ___ ___ ____”.

Answer 106

More bang for the buck

Question 107

_________ _________ was a policy of threatening a massive response, including nuclear weapons, against a Communist state trying to seize a peaceful state by force.

Answer 107

Massive retaliation

Question 108

Critics called Eisenhower’s practice ____________– the practice of pushing a dangerous situation to the limit to force an opponent to back down.

Answer 108

Brinkmanship

Question 109

To build support among Arabs, Sec of State ______ offered to help ______ finance the construction of a dam on the ____ _____.

Answer 109

Dulles, Egypt, Nile River

Question 110

In October 1956, _____ and ______ troops invaded _____.

Answer 110

British, French, Egypt

Question 111

The ______ threatened ______ attacks on Britain and France and offered troops to Egypt.

Answer 111

Soviets, rocket

Question 112

To stop the spread of communism, Eisenhower would turn to _____ ________ operated by the _______ __________ ______ (?).

Answer 112

Covert operations, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Question 113

Many of the ____’s operations took place in ________ ______– nations whose economy is primarily agricultural.

Answer 113

CIA, developing nations

Question 114

In 1953, Iranian prime minister ________ _______ had nationalized the _____-______ ___ _______.

Answer 114

Mohammed Mossadegh, Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

Question 115

The CIA sent agents to organize street riots and arrange a _____ that ousted ________ and returned the ____ to power.

Answer 115

Coup, Mossadegh, shah

Question 116

_______ died in 1953, and a power struggle began in the Soviet Union.

Answer 116

Stalin

Question 117

By 1956, _____ _________ had emerged as the Soviet leader.

Answer 117

Nikita Khrushchev

Question 118

President _____ _____ _____ of Egypt had emerged from the Suez crisis as a hero to the Arab people.

Answer 118

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question 119

___-_______ is the idea that all Arab people should be united into one nation.

Answer 119

Pan-Arabism

Question 120

Eisenhower would ask Congress to authorize the use of _______ _____ whenever the president thought it necessary to assist _______ _____ nations resisting Communist aggression. The policy came to be called the ____________ _______.

Answer 120

Military force, Middle East, Eisenhower Doctrine

Question 121

The ___________ ______ essentially extended the ________ _______ and the policy of ___________ to the Middle East.

Answer 121

Eisenhower Doctrine, Truman Doctrine, containment

Question 122

In 1957, the Soviet’s would launch ______ __ and _______ __– were the world’s first space satellites.

Answer 122

Sputnik I and Sputnik II

Question 123

Eisenhower invited ________ to visit the US in late 1959, which led to the two agreeing to a _______ in _____.

Answer 123

Khrushchev, summit, Paris

Question 124

Shortly before the _______ was to begin in 1960, the Soviet Union shot down an American __-__ ___ ____.

Answer 124

Summit, U-2 spy plane

Question 125

In 1961, Eisenhower delivered his ________ ________, where he warned Americans to be on guard against the influence of this ______-______ ______– an informal relationship that some people believe exists between the military and the defense industry to promote greater military spending and influence government policy.

Answer 125

Farewell address, military-industrial complex

Question 126

_____ _____ established a Communist regime in ____.

Answer 126

Fidel Castro, Cuba