Theorists

Question 0

What type of conversation does Pamela Fishman 1980 analyse?

Answer 0

Mix sex conversations

Question 1

Pamela fishman 1980 said that woman asked 263 questions compared to the men’s 107.
What does she argue women use questions to do?

Answer 1

To try to generate or sustain interaction with male speakers

Question 2

Which theorist does Pamela Fishman question?

Answer 2

Lakoff’s

Question 4

Did male speaker is statements more than women and if so by how much? In Pamela Fishman’s analysis 1980

Answer 4

Twice as often than females and the women nearly always responded to the statements.
Suggesting males feel that they don’t have to make as much effort to get a woman’s response.

Question 5

In Pamela Fishman’s analysis how many topics where introduced by each sex?

Answer 5

45 = women, 17 lead to extended conversation.
28 = men, all were successfully developed.

Question 6

What community did Zimmerman and West do their study in, in 1975?

Answer 6

College community

Question 7

What did Zimmerman and West find in their 1975 study about same sex conversations?

Answer 7

Interruptions were distributed fairly evenly a,on get speakers

Question 8

In cross sex conversations Zimmerman and West 1975 found that…

Answer 8

Men were responsible for 96% of the interruptions

Question 9

Why do ales interrupt according to Zimmerman and West?

Answer 9

To prevent females from talking and to gain the floor on their own discussion

Question 10

What did O’Barr and Atkins discover?

Answer 10

The differences that Lakoff and others supported were not necessarily the result of being a woman but of being powerless.

Question 11

How did O’Barr and Atkins try and prove their point?

Answer 11

They used 3 men and 3 women.

Question 12

What did O’Barr and Atkins try to emphasise?

Answer 12

That a powerful position may derive from either social standing in the larger society and/or status accorded by the court.

Question 13

What is Deborah Jones 1990 study about?

Answer 13

Women's oral culture - gossip:
House talk
Scandal 
Bitching
Chatting

Question 14

Deborah Jones 1990

House talk =

Answer 14

Exchange of information and resources connected with the female role as an occupation

Question 15

Deborah Jones 1990

Scandal

Answer 15

Consider judging behaviour of others (mainly women). Usually in terms of the domestic morality

Question 16

Deborah Jones 1990

Bitching is…

Answer 16

An overt expression of women’s anger at their restricted role and inferior status.
Express in private and other women only.
Not expecting change, want to ake complaints I’m environment where anger is understood & expected

Question 17

Deborah Jones 1990

Chatting is

Answer 17

The most intimate form of gossip

Question 18

Robin Lakoff 1975 published an influential account of women’s language. True or false?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In Zimmerman and West’s analysis how many interruptions did men use compared to women?

Answer 19

Male = 46, to show dominance.
Females = 2

Question 20

Deborah Tannen 1990

thinks that women and men use different language because

Answer 20

They have different cultures

Question 21

Name the 6 needs Tannen 1990 states we have

Answer 21

Status vs support 
Independence vs intimacy 
Advise vs understanding 
Information vs feelings
Orders vs proposals 
Conflict vs compromise

Question 22

Tannen 1990
Status vs support:
Men = prevent others from dominating them, competitive. Gain status and keep it.
Whereas for women it is…

Answer 22

Women = way to gain confirmation and support for their ideas

“Network of connections seeking support”

Question 23

Tannen 1990
Independence vs intimacy
Women struggle to preserve intimacy, men are concerned with status.
Give an example for each.

Answer 23

Women (party invite…) check with husband, likes to tell people has to check.
Me invite without asking otherwise would be admitting low status.

Question 24

Tannen 1990
Advice vs understanding
Believes that women complain for sympathy, whereas, men see it as

Answer 24

as a challenge to find a solution

Question 25

Tannen 1990
Information vs feelings
In phone call a man will arrange where to meet and why…
Whereas women…

Answer 25

Talk longer and mainly do “grooming talk” and comment on feelings

Question 26

Tannen 1990
Orders vs proposals
Men like to use and hear a direct imperative.
Women often…

Answer 26

Suggest things in indirect ways

E.G. “Why don’t we…?”

Question 27

Jennifer Coates 2003 investigated…

Answer 27

The stereotypes

E.G. Men talk compulsively and competitively about sport cars and drinking.

Question 28

Jennifer Coates 2003 says that conversations have 2 main components :

Answer 28

Discussion and

narrative = beginning, middle and end.

Question 29

Coates 2003
States that women tell more stories than men and that men’s stories are 20% about home life whereas female = 53% set in the home life

Answer 29

True!

Question 30

Deborah Jones 1990 oral culture:

House talk =

Answer 30

House talk = exchange info connected to role/occupation

Question 31

Deborah Jones 1990 oral culture:

Scandal =

Answer 31

Judging

Question 32

Deborah Jones 1990 oral culture:

Bitching =

Answer 32

Expression of anger/complaints

Question 33

Deborah Jones 1990 oral culture:

Chatting =

Answer 33

Intimate form of gossip, job = to nurture others

Question 34

What does Janet Holmes state?

Answer 34

Women can be as well educated as men if not better

And people change their speech to match the person they are talking to.

Question 35

Peter Trudgill 1974 studied

Answer 35

Pronunciation of the “ -ing” suffix

Question 36

What did Peter Trudgill (1974) find out about men compared to women?

Answer 36

In self evaluation me suggested that they died the non standard from even when they hadn’t.
Women did the opposite (said sued standard) even when hadn’t

Question 37

Who supports Peter Tridgills 1974 findings?

Answer 37

Jenny Cheshire