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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Words > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Words Flashcards

0
Q

Adenectomy

A

Removal of a gland

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1
Q

Acute

A

Sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time

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2
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the glandular tissue.

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3
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Removal of the adenoids

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4
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor of glandular cells

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5
Q

Adenopathy

A

Disease condition of glands (lymph nodes). Often this term refers to enlargement of lymph nodes (which are not true glands, but collections of lymphatic tissue) (lymphadenopathy)

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6
Q

Adrenopathy

A

Disease condition of the adrenal glands (two endocrine glands, each above a kidney. The adrenal glands produce hormones such as adrenaline and hydrocortisone)

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7
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion. (Sac surrounding the developing fetus)

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8
Q

Anastomosis

A

New surgical connection between two previously unconnected bowel parts, vessels, or ducts.

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9
Q

Angiography

A

X-Ray recording of blood vessels after contrast is injected.

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10
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of a blood vessel. A tube (catheter) is placed in a clogged artery and a balloon at the end of the tube is inflated to inflated to flatten the clogged material against the wall of the artery. This enlarges the opening of the artery so that more blood can pass through.

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11
Q

Appendectomy

A

Removal of the appendix (small sac that hangs from the juncture of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen)

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12
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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13
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries. The most common form is atherosclerosis, which is a hardening of the arteries caused by a collection of fatty cholesterol like deposits (plaque) in arteries.

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14
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain in a joint

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15
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint for diagnosis or treatment

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16
Q

Arthropathy

A

Disease of joints

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries. The most common form is atherosclerosis, which is a hardening of the arteries caused by a collection of fatty cholesterol like deposits (plaque) in arteries.

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18
Q

Axillary

A

Pertaining to the armpit or underarm

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19
Q

Bacteremia

A

A bacterial invasion of the blood with or without symptoms

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20
Q

Bariatric Surgery

A

A procedure used to treat extreme obesity

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21
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, with hypersecretion of mucus

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22
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of bronchial tubes by passing an endoscope through the trachea (windpipe) into the bronchi

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23
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa (sac of fluid near a joint)

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24
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor. Carcinomas form from epithelial cells, which line the internal organs and cover the outside of the body. Glands and the lining of internal organs are composed of epithelial tissue.

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

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26
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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27
Q

Cellulitis

A

Inflammation of soft tissue under the skin; it is marked swelling, redness, and pain and is caused by bacterial infection

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28
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

Disorder of blood vessels within the cerebrum. It results from inadequate blood supply to the brain. STROKE

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29
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment with drugs. Chemotherapy is most often used in the treatment of cancer

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30
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Removal of the gallbladder.
The liver is lifted up to show the gallbladder underneath. The pancreas is a long, thin gland located behind and to the left of the stomach, towards the spleen. The common bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine. After cholecystectomy, the liver continues to produce bile and release it, via the common bile duct, into the intestine.

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31
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of cartilage. (Cartilage is flexible, fibrous connective tissue, found as part of the nose, ears, voice box, and windpipe, and chiefly attached to bones at joints)
CHONDR/O means cartilage

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32
Q

Chronic

A

Lasting a long time

Chronic conditions occur over a long period of time, as opposed to acute conditions, which are sharp, and brief.

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33
Q

Colectomy

A

Removal of the colon (large intestine)

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34
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

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35
Q

Colocolostomy

A

New surgical connection between two previously unconnected portions of the colon. This is an Anastomosis

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36
Q

Colostomy

A

Opening of the colon to the outside of the body

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37
Q

Craniotomy

A

Incision of the skull

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38
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Treatment using cold temperatures

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39
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

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40
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin

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41
Q

Dialysis

A

Complete separation of wastes (urea) from the blood when the kidneys fail.

  • hemodialysis
  • peritoneal dialysis
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42
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Record of electricity in the brain

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43
Q

Electroencephalography

A

Process of recording the electricity in the brain (it may be used to diagnose seizure disorders (epilepsy))

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44
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Disease of the brain

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45
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium)

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46
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis (flap of cartilage that covers the mouth of the trachea when swallowing occurs so that food cannot enter the airway)

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47
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of red blood cells

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48
Q

Esophageal

A

Pertaining to the esophagus

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49
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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50
Q

Fibroid

A

Benign growth of muscle tissue in the uterus

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51
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of fibrous tissue

FIBR/O means fibrous tissue

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52
Q

Gangrene

A

A type of necrosis

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53
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Excision of the stomach

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54
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach

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55
Q

Gastrojejunostomy

A

The new connection, or anastomosis, between the stomach and the second part of the small intestine

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56
Q

Hematuria

A

Abnormal condition of blood in the urine.

Bleeding into the urinary tract can cause this sign of kidney disease or of disorders of the urinary and genital tracts.

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57
Q

Hematoma

A

Mass or collection of blood under the skin. Commonly called a bruise.

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58
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Use of a kidney machine to filter blood to remove waste material such as urea. Blood leaves the body, enters the machine, and is carried back to the body through a catheter (tube)

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59
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Bursting forth of blood

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60
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by at least three different viruses: hepatitis A, B, and C viruses

61
Q

Hepatoma

A

Malignant tumor of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma.

62
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

63
Q

Hepatopathy

A

Disease condition of the liver

64
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Excision of the uterus, either through the abdominal wall (abdominal hysterectomy) or through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy)

65
Q

Infarction

A

Area of dead tissue (necrosis) caused by decreased blood flow to that part of the body. Also called infarct.

66
Q

Inguinal

A

Pertaining to the groin, or the area where the legs meet the body. I guitar lymph nodes are located in the groin.

67
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood flow to apart of the body, caused by narrowing or obstructing of blood vessels. Ischemia may lead to necrosis (death of cells)

68
Q

Laminectomy

A

Removal of a piece of backbone (lamina) to relieve pressure on nerves from a herniating disk (disc).

69
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdomen. A small incision is made near the navel, and an instrument (endoscope) is inserted to view abdominal organs.

70
Q

Laparotomy

A

Incision of the abdomen. A surgeon makes a large incision across the abdomen to examine and operate on its organs.

71
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

72
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the voice box (larynx) with an endoscope.

73
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor derived from smooth (involuntary or visceral) muscle, most often the uterus (leiomyoma uteri)
LEIOMY/O - means smooth muscle

74
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary) muscle.

Cancer of visceral (attached to internal organs) muscle (LEIOMY/O means visceral or “smooth” muscle)

75
Q

Leukemia

A

Increase in malignant white blood cells in blood and bone barrow.
Increase in numbers of leukocytes
Cells are malignant

76
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Slight increase in the numbers of normal white blood cells as a response to infection

77
Q

Liposarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of fatty tissue

LIP/O means fat

78
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Disease of lymph nodes (glands)

79
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue. Previously called lymphosarcoma. There are several types, including Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

80
Q

Mammary

A

Pertaining to the breast

81
Q

Mammogram

A

X-Ray record of the breast

82
Q

Mammography

A

Process of making an x-Ray recording of the breast

83
Q

Mammoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the breast

84
Q

Mastectomy

A

Removal of the breast

85
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant tumor arising from pigmented cells (melanocytes) in the skin. A melanoma usually developed from a nevus (mole)
(MELAN/O means black)

86
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the menings (membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord)

87
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

88
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding from the uterus during the time of menstruation.
Excessive bleeding during menstruation.

89
Q

Menorrhea

A

Normal discharge of blood and tissue from the uterine lining during menstruation.
Normal menstrual flow

90
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Malignant tumor of the lining tissue (mesothelium) of the pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs). A mesothelioma is associated with exposure to asbestos

91
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Malignant tumor of the bone marrow cells

92
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain in the muscles

93
Q

Myeloma

A

Malignant tumor originating in the bone morrow
MYEL/O means bone marrow in this term. Also called multiple myeloma, this is a malignant tumor of cells in the bone marrow.

94
Q

Myelogram

A

X-Ray image of the spinal cord after contrast is injected within the membranes surrounding the spinal cord in the lumbar area of the back.
MYEL/O means spinal cord in this terms.
Contrast material is injected into the membrane around the spinal cord (by lumbar puncture) and then x-ray pictures are taken from the spinal cord. This procedure is performed less frequently now that MRI is available.

95
Q

Myocardial

A

Pertaining to the muscle of the heart

96
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Death of tissue in the heart muscle; also know as a HEART ATTACK or a MI
Blood is held back from an area of the heart muscle by an occlusion (blockage) of a coronary (heart) artery; Ischemia of heart muscle

97
Q

Myocardiopathy

A

Disease condition of the heart muscle

98
Q

Myoma

A

Benign tumor of muscle. Myomas commonly occur in the uterus and are known as fibroids.

99
Q

Myomectomy

A

Removal of a benign muscle tumor (commonly a fibroid of the uterus)

100
Q

Myopathy

A

Disease condition of the muscle

101
Q

Myosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of muscle. SARC- means flesh, indicating that the tumor is of connective or “fleshy” tissue origin

102
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of a muscle

MYOS/O means muscle

103
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of cells

104
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of kidneys

105
Q

Nephropathy

A

Disease condition of the kidney

106
Q

Nephrosis

A

Abnormal condition of the kidney. Nephrosis is often associated with deterioration of the kidney tubules

107
Q

Neuralgia

A

Nerve pain

108
Q

Neuropathy

A

Disease condition of the nervous tissue

109
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Removal of an ovary or ovaries

110
Q

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone (-genic means produced in)

Cancer of bone

111
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

112
Q

Osteopathy

A

Disease condition of the bone

113
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bone

114
Q

Otalgia

A

Pain in the ear

115
Q

Otitis

A

Inflammation of an ear

116
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the bones of the hip area

117
Q

Peritoneal

A

Pertaining to the peritoneum

118
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

Process of removing wastes from the blood by introducing a special fluid into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity). The wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream, and then the fluid is drained from the body

119
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

120
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx (throat)

121
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

122
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Incision of a vein

123
Q

Plaque

A

A yellow fatty material

124
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Removal of a lung. Total pneumonectomy (an entire lung) or lobectomy (a single lobe)

125
Q

Pneumonia

A

Abnormal condition of the lungs marked by inflammation and collection of material within the air sacs of the lungs

126
Q

Prostatectomy

A

Removal of the prostate gland

127
Q

Pulmonary

A

Pertaining to the lungs

128
Q

Radiology

A

Science of using x-Rays in the diagnosis of disease

129
Q

Radiotherapy

A

Treatment of disease (Cancer) with high energy x-rays or particles such as photons and protons. Also called radiation therapy

130
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney

131
Q

Retinopathy

A

Disease condition of the retina

132
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

A malignant tumor of muscle cells (skeletal, voluntary muscle) that occurs most frequent in the head and neck, extremities, body wall, and area behind the abdomen.
Cancer of skeletal (attached to bones) muscle (RHABDOMY/O means skeletal muscle)

133
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the nose

134
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from the nose

135
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Removal of a fallopian (uterine) tube

136
Q

Septicemia

A

Infection in the blood.
Septicemia is commonly called blood poisoning and is associated with the presence of bacteria of their toxins in the blood.
Blood infections result when pathogens enter the blood from a wound.
Is a more serious bacteremia that moves rapidly and may be life-threatening

137
Q

Splenectomy

A

Removal of the spleen

138
Q

Stent

A

A tube inserted into an artery, blood vessel, or duct to keep it open.

139
Q

Subtotal Hysterectomy

A

Only a portion of the uterus is removed

140
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid

141
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein accompanied by formation of a clot

142
Q

Thymoma

A

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland (located in the mediastinum)

143
Q

Tomosynthesis

A

A new mammographic technique that shows clearer and more detailed images

144
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Removal of a tonsil or tonsils.
Tonsils and adenoids are lymph tissue in the pharynx (throat). Lymph is composed of white blood cells that fight infection.

145
Q

Total Hysterectomy

A

The entire uterus including the cervix is removed.
In a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), the uterus is removed through the abdomen. A TAH-BSO is a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy and oophorectomy. Laparoscopic hysterectomy can be preformed as well

146
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Opening of the trachea to the outside of the body

147
Q

Uremia

A

Abnormal condition of excessive amounts of urea in the bloodstream.
Uremia occurs when the kidneys fail to function and urea (a waste material) accumulates in the blood.

148
Q

Vascular

A

Pertaining to the blood vessels

149
Q

Sarcoma

A

Sarcomas are cancerous tumors of connective (flesh) tissue. Muscle, bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, and fat are examples of connective tissues.

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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