HST-180 Online Practice Questions Flashcards
Although early societies such as those responsible for Stonehenge demonstrate a number of characteristics that define Western civilization, they lacked the critical feature of…
writing
Western civilization developed in the Middle East where the growth of culture was supported by a number of advantages. Which of the following was NOT one of these advantages?
an egalitarian society
Ancient slavery was NOT based on which of the following conditions?
race
People in the Fertile Crescent developed an organized society becasue
the difficult environment required planning for successful irrigation
Which of the following did Sumerian law not permit?
adultery
When Sargon invaded Sumer in 2350 B.C.E., what did he use to promote peace between Akkadians and Sumerians?
religion
Hammurabi’s code
included different punishments for the three social orders
what was one of the technological innovations of the Indo-Europeans?
four-wheeled cards
Which of the following does NOT conform to the idea of ma’at?
attaining wealth through warfare
During the First Intermediate Period, Egyptians experienced…
economic and political problems
During her reign, Hatshepsut pursued what kinds of policies?
trade, peace, and strong defense
Ramses II managed to restore some of the former greatness of the Egyptian empire. After his rule, …
challenges from invaders contributed to the downfall of the empire
The construction of the great temple in Jerusalem was accomplished with the skills of…
Phoenician craftsmen
The most important commandment in the Hebrew legal traditions was based upon
the idea that Yahweh demanded exclusive worship
Which of the following was one of the benefits of exile for Jewish women?
the strengthening of the family as a social and religious unit
Assyrians were remarkable for their…
advanced military techniques
Ashurbanipal played an important role in Western civilization because of…
the massive library, which preserved Mesopotamian literature.
Babylonians funded the construction of their magnificent city through
commerce
The city of Babylon fell so easily to the invading Persians because
Babylonian rulers had alienated even their own peoples and lacked support
Zoroastrianism shared which of the following features with Judaism?
a concern with ethics and justice
What allowed the contributions of the Middle Eastern cultures to endure and influence the development of Western civilization?
patterns of interaction and cross-fertilization
Over many centuries, Indo-Europeans settled in Europe (as well as in modern-day Turkey and Iran).
They were able to migrate vast distances with the aid of four-wheeled carts.
There were many important rulers of Ancient Egypt. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the “god-king” in question?
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) forced Egyptians to worship a large number of traditional deities.
The first Homo sapiens came from which region of the world?
sub-Saharan Africa
The Minoan script called Linear A, written on clay tablets,
appears to have been used for trade and accounting
While the mythical version of the Trojan War attributes the conflict to competition over a woman, scholars believe that the war was caused by
economic competition and increasing violence throughout the Mediterranean
Greek ideals of heroism led to some ambiguous results, one of which was
their disregard for other cultures
The consultation of the Delphic oracle by King Croesus of Lydia
showed the fickle nature of the Greek gods
The cult of Dionysus appealed to women because
it allowed women to escape domestic confinement
Thales of Miletus applied his knowledge of astronomy and geometry to
predict a solar eclipse
Advances in trade around 700 B.C.E. led to what advance in warfare?
hoplite phalanx
Benefit clubs in some Greek societies
loaned money to slaves so that they could buy their own freedom
The archons, elected by the Ecclesia to run the city of Athens
served for a single year before entering the Areopagus
Solon tried to weaken the power of Aeropagus by
creating a council that set the agenda for the Ecclesia
The number of citizens who could participate in the assembly was limited by
the size of the auditorium
In Spartan society, physically deficient infants were
exposed
The first athletic contests among Hellenes consisted of
a foot race
When Xerxes, Darius I’s successor, invaded the Greek mainland,
some norther city-states surrendered immediately to the Persians.
The key to Greek defense lay in
controlling the Aegean sea
In what way does the Parthenon reveal Greek beliefs about the relationship between gods and humans
Statues of both gods and Athenians resemble one another, showing the common features of humans and divine figures.
The fighting between Sparta and Athens was complicated by
the Spartans’ strength on land versus the Athenians’ strength at sea
Socrates was brought to trial for
impiety and corrupting the young
In Plato’s Republic, society would be governed by
a philosopher-king
Greek comedy often focused on
the body, sex, and base inclinations
The Peloponnesian War resulted in
increased competition among the city-states
The geography of the Greek peninsula directly influenced the culture of the ancient Greeks. Which of the following statements accurately describes the region?
The Greek peninsula is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and Macedonia.
Which of the following statements correctly reflects the system of Ancient Greek religious beliefs?
Greeks believed that the will of the gods could be known.
When the reforms of the Athenian Solon failed to create a secure form of government, Cleisthenes created a constitution (508 B.C.E.), which established an unprecedented degree of direct democracy. Which of the following statements about the constitution of Cleisthenes is not true?
The Council of 500 was dominated by the wealthiest citizens
In the story of Rumulus and Remus, the boys were fathered by…
Mars.
Rome overlooked a plain that was well-suited for…
large-scale agriculture
In the traditional version of the overthrow of the Etruscan kings, Lucretia…
committed suicide after being raped.
The “Struggle of the Orders” was fueled by two main issues; protecting the poor from the abuses of the powerful, and…
granting the wealthy plebeians some participation in government
In 287 B.C.E., plebeians gained the power to _____ when the Tribal Assembly became the principal legislative body.
make laws that applied to everyone without Senate approval
The largest group of clients were typically…
small and tenant farmers.
The main motive behind Roman expansion was…
continual land hunger.
Women wielded some power in Roman society through…
the authority they exerted over their sons.
Romans disposed of their garbage…
by dumping it outside city walls.
Whenever the consuls raised the red flag in the Forum, …
free householders had to report to the capitol within thirty days.
Roman warfare differed from traditional Mediterranean warfare in which regard?
Roman soldiers vowed to fight to the death or until war ended.
The first Punic war began over the issue of controlling…
the Sicilian city of Messana.
During the third Punic War, …
Scipio sailed to North Africa, forcing Hannibal home.
In the provinces, _____ appointed governors to preserve peace and administer justice to Roman citizens.
The Roman Senate
In the countryside, slaves worked in mining and agriculture, while in the city, slaves
often worked in the same occupations as citizens.
As small farms went bankrupt, the newly rich who bought up their lands…
cultivated more lucrative crops like olives and wine grapes.
Engineers used _____ to regulate the rate of water flowing through the top channel of aqueducts.
Arches
Julius Caesar used _____ to enhance his popularity in Rome.
accounts of military campaigns
In addition to controlling the price of grain in order to appease poorer Romans, Gaius also tried to appeal to _____ by granting them more influence in the wealthy provinces.
the equestrian order
Besides putting his soldier on a pay roll, Marius also…
promised them land for their service
Caesar tired to solve Rome’s economic problems by reforming the grain dole, encouraging colonization, and…
establishing a public works program to create jobs.
About 509 B.C.E., the Roman people rebelled against the Etruscan kings who had ruled over the Romans since about 616 B.C.E. The Romans defeated the Etruscan monarchy and instituted, in its place, a republic. This republic…
was dominated by an aristocratic class.
In a typical well-to-do Roman household, childrearing featured many accepted practices. Which of the following traits characterized childrearing in the Roman world?
exposure of infants
One of the most talented Roman playwrights was Terence (190-159 B.C.E.), who…
wrote plays based on traditional Greek models
The Second Triumvirate disintegrated into a power struggle between…
Octavian and Marc Anthony
Augustus was praised as “Father of the Fatherland” in part because
he used his personal wealth to increase his power and popularity.
Marcus Aurelius, an emperor highly educated in law, embraced the customs of _____ at a very young age.
Stoicism
Like Alexander, Augustus increased strength of his army by .
recruiting noncitizens into the army
If a woman bore three children, Roman law exempted the woman from
male guardianship
Roman physicians believed that sexual intercourse
weakened men but did not have the same impact on women.
Local amphitheaters in major Roman cities provided a venue for
expressions of Roman power, virtue, and generosity.
Septimuius’s reforms may have kept some of Rome’s problems at bay, but the legacy of _____ threatened Rome’s stability.
an expensive and powerful army
Diocletian organized the government into a tetrarchy, which divided the empire into
four parts
The most important factor in the so-called “fall of Rome” was…
invasions of people from the north.
New philosophies like Neoplatonism typically attracted ____ people, as had the similar philosophies of the Hellenistic kingdoms.
educated, prosperous
Septimus and his wife portrayed themselves as
Isis and her consort Serapis.
Herod rose to per in Hebron, with the support of _____ the Roman Senate made him king of Judea.
Octavian
For the Zealots, _____ was a crucial event that shaped their approach toward the problem maintaining a Jewish identity.
The Maccabean revolt
Like many others in the Roman world, the apostles believed that _____ indicated divine presence.
prophecy and miracles
In the earliest period of the spread of Christianity, converts usually met in
the houses of other converts
In the third century, emperors trying to quell a crisis tried to force all subjects of the empire, with exception of the Jews, to
worship the imperial cult
Once the empire embraced Christianity, ____ became the backbone of imperial governance and increasingly handled secular affairs.
bishops
The Donatist heresy was a split among Christians over
whether the behavior of a priest effected the validity of the sacraments.
In Confessions, Augustine argued that
original sin was passed on to new generations through semen.
Christians fled to the desert to escape
persecution and taxes
Augustus devised a system of governemnt led by a single ruler, the emperor. However, he did not resolve the mechanism by which emperors would succeed one another. As a consequence, his death in 14 C.E. was followed by
rule by a series of emperors related to Augustus’s family.
Mithraism was
the worship of Ahura Mazda
Everyday life in the Roman territories was transformed as Christianity gained more and more adherents. Which one of the following statements does NOT accurately describes these transformations?
Christians weren’t supposed to read the epic poems of Virgil and Homer.
Germanic women participated in many activities, including agriculture, but their primary responsibilities were
household care and pottery and textiles
Germanic peoples’ diet consisted mainly of
plants, including grains, mead, ale, and milk
Ulfila, who helped convert the Visigoths and Ostrogoths, had been influenced by the teachings of
Arius
As Germanic pagans and Arians converted to orthodox Christianity, they
began to speak the Romance languages
Gregory the Great extended his power by
acting as a territorial ruler in addition to acting as head of the church.
The establishment of monasteries in Ireland aided the process of conversion because
Ireland lacked the ecclesiastical structures of the rest of the West
The Merovingian family often used _____ as a means of consolidating their rule.
political assassination
Cassiodorus wrote a historical chronicle, the Origin of the Goths, to show that
the Goths had a history comparable to that of the Romans
The Lombards ruled for a time in northern Italy until
the Franks conquered them.
The purpose of the Corpus Iuris Civilis was to
organize and clarify Roman law.
The people of Constantinople gathered in the _____ to see the chariot races.
The hippodrome
Village families in the Byzantine Empire owed
one equipped man for military service
