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from exam review Flashcards

1
Q

Is an upper respiratory infection which includes hoarseness most likely bacterial or viral?

A

viral

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2
Q

What are two medications used to induce labor?

A

Cervidil (Prostoglandin gel applied to the cervix) which encourages cervical ripening and oxytocin which encourages uterine contractions

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3
Q

Will ACTH be elevated or decreased in Addison’s disease?

A

elevated if the problem is from the adrenal glands

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4
Q

What test do you do for Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Schrimer test

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5
Q

A study result comes back with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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6
Q

List the three cluster A personality disorders.

A

“Mad” schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid

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7
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3 minutes. Patient with low Ca will get carpel tunnel symptoms.

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8
Q

List three medications which may be used for pharmacological stress test.

A

Adenosine, dobutamine, dipyridamole and persantine

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9
Q

What medication is used to increase surfactant levels and help with lung maturity if you are worried about preterm labor?

A

Betamethasone

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10
Q

A child presents with painful ulcers in his mouth. On physical exam you find more of the same type of ulcers on his feet and hands. What virus is most likely causing these symptoms?

A

Cocksackie virus

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11
Q

What is the first line IV inotropic agent when dealing with cardiogenic shock?

A

Dopamine

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12
Q

A patient exhibits all of the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder, but he is only 14 years old. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

conduct disorder

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13
Q

list three medications that may induce Lupus

A

Procainamide, isoniazid and quinidine

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14
Q

A patient’s mother has recommended that he
see you. He lives on his own and is a computer programmer. He works from home. He has no friends and seldom leaves the house. She is concerned that he expresses no interest in meeting people and seems perfectly happy to be home alone all the time. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Schizoid personality disorder

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15
Q

A cervical biopsy comes back as CIN1. What is the next step?

A

Repeat pap smear in 6 months and repeat colposcopy in 12 months

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16
Q

A biphasic P wave should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

left atrial enlargement

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17
Q

A positive Apley indicates what diagnosis?

A

meniscal tear

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18
Q

Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD?

A

goes up

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19
Q

List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.

A

COPD, asthma, pneumothroax, pleural effusion

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20
Q

A 30 year old African American woman presents with dysphagia. You notice she also has thickened skin. A barium swallow demonstrates the absence of peristalsis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

scleroderma

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21
Q

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis?

A

12 weeks

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22
Q

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Ambeiasis

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23
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

This is most likely candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1 mg are first line choices.

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24
Q

A patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Corneal abrasion (pt’s scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia)

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25
Q

At what age should a child begin to feed himself?

A

6 months

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26
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Bactrim or FQ and hydration

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27
Q

You hear a continuous machine-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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28
Q

Gram-positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

staph

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29
Q

What is tonometry used for?

A

determining intraocular pressure

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30
Q

What two main causes should you be thinking of in a macrocytic anemia?

A

malnutrition and severe blood loss

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31
Q

What cranial nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?

A

CN VII

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32
Q

Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

silicosis and coal worker’s lung

33
Q

A patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

34
Q

Subacute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

A

strep viridans

35
Q

What lab result will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity?

A

hypokalemia or hypercalcemia

36
Q

What are three ways you can check for ruptured membranes?

A

ferning pattern on a slide, visualize leakage from the cervix, pooling in the vagina

37
Q

What medication class is used to lower triglycerides?

A

fibric acid derivatives

38
Q

What is the only curative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

surgical resection

39
Q

A patient without a functioning spleen is more susceptible to what type of organisms?

A

Encapsulated organisms most commonly Strep pneumoniae and H. Flu.

40
Q

Coin-shaped plaques should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

nummular eczema

41
Q

Is neisseria gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

gram (-)

42
Q

List four disease states in which you may find basophilic stippling.

A

Lead poisoning, beta or alpha thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, arsenic poisoning

43
Q

If you see the term chocolate cyst, it should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

endometrioma

44
Q

Which herpesvirus causes Epstein–Barr?

A

herpes 4

45
Q

What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?

A

carotid atherosclerosis disease

46
Q

A patient’s lab work shows positive Smith antibody and positive double-stranded DNA antibodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

lupus

47
Q

A CXR finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

48
Q

Is pseudomonas gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

gram (-)

49
Q

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Polymyositis

50
Q

What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?

A

refer and keep patient’s head down

51
Q

There is a sunburst appearance on x-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

osteosarcoma

52
Q

A physical exam revealing a retroverted uterus or uterosacral ligament nodularity should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

endometriosis

53
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

albendazole then repeat two weeks later

54
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

gram positive rod

55
Q

Gestational diabetes puts mom and baby at increased risk of for what three things?

A

Preeclampsia, macrosomia (traumatic birth), slowing in fetal lung development


56
Q

What is a first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

methotrexate

57
Q

What molecule binds iron in the blood stream?

A

transferrin

58
Q

A boot-shaped heart on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

tetralogy of Fallot

59
Q

A patient’s wife complains that he is hypervigilant and has a hyperstartle response. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

PTSD

60
Q

Is sickle cell microcytic, macrocytic or normocytic?

A

microcytic

61
Q

Name two fibric acid derivatives.

A

fenofibrate and gemfibrazil

62
Q

What does koilonychia refer to?

A

spoon-shaped nails which may be found in microcytic anemia.

63
Q

Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

64
Q

What is the accessory pathway associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

bundle of kent

65
Q

A 35 year old patient comes to your office because his wife made him. He has been increasingly irritable and moody. She has also noticed that he
is very restless. You order a CT scan which shows cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate nucleus. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Huntington’s disease

66
Q

At what point during pregnancy is RhoGAM given if it is needed?

A

28 weeks

67
Q

An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

68
Q

Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Huntington’s disease

69
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

70
Q

Describe erythema marginatum.

A

Pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs.

71
Q

Acute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

A

staph aureus

72
Q

List two causes of right atrial enlargement?

A

Pulmonary HTN, severe lung disease, pulmonary valve stenosis

73
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

cytomegalovirus

74
Q

A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

scarlet fever

75
Q

A patient on sulfasalazine for an inflammatory bowel disease should be supplemented with what vitamin?

A

folate

76
Q

How does ezetimibe work?

A

decreases intestinal absorption of cholesterol

77
Q

What is the definitive treatment for a patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

A

implanted defibrillator

78
Q

A prostate biopsy consists of how many samples?

A

6-12

79
Q

Color blindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?

A

dominant X linked

pance randos (4 decks)

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