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Client Assessment 2-3 > Chapter 11: The Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three joints of the pelvic girdle?

A
  1. the hip joint (acetabularfemoral joint)
  2. the sacroiliac joint
  3. the pubic symphysis
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2
Q

The ___________ configuration of the hip is designed particularly to fulfill that dual function.

A

ball-and-socket

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3
Q

This joint may become involved pathologically, but seldom restrict function or cause pain. What are this joint of the pelvic girdle that known as immovable?

A

Sacroiliac joint pubic symphysis

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4
Q

This joint may become affected pathology, it becomes immediately perceptible during walking as pain or limited motion. What is this joint of the pelvic girdle that known as movable?

A

Hip joint

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5
Q

Inspection of hip and pelvis: True or False:

While the patient undresses, note whether he performs any particular maneuver that seems painful or inefficient. Quite often, an efficient movement is sacrificed for one that is less efficient but less painful.

A

True

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6
Q

Inspection of hip and pelvis:

When observed from the side, the lumbar portion of the spine normally exhibits a slight lordosis, neither unduly lordotic nor flat. What condition may result from absence of the normal lordosis?

A

Paravertebral muscle spasms

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7
Q

Anterior curvature of the spine is known as:

A

Lordosis

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8
Q

Inspection of hip and pelvis:

If the spine exhibits an _____________ , the anterior abdominal muscles may be weak, since they help to prevent the lumbar spine from becoming increasingly lordotic. Increased lumbar lordosis may also be caused by a fixed flexion deformity of the hip.

A

Exaggerated curve

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9
Q

The size and depth of the folds increase upon hip _________ and decrease upon hip _______.

A

Extension

Flexion

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10
Q

Inspection of hip and pelvis:

While observing the posterior aspect of the hip, notice that the lower borders of the buttocks are marked by the __________ . In infants, skin folds are situated symmetrically around the groin and along the thigh.

A

Gluteal folds

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11
Q

What are the conditions that may result to asymmetrical gluteal folds? may be due to a congenital disloca tion of the hip, muscular atrophy, pelvic obliquity, or a leg length discrepancy.

A

Congenital dislocation of the hip muscular atrophy pelvic obliquity length discrepancy

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12
Q

Inspection of hip and pelvis: Observe the two discernible dimples which overlie the posterior superior iliac spine directly above the buttocks. They should lie along the same horizontal plane. If they do not, there is evidence of __________.

A

Pelvic obliquity

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13
Q

What are the anterior aspects of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • Anterior Superior
  • Iliac Spines
  • Iliac Crest Iliac
  • Tubercle Greater
  • Trochanter Pubic Tubercles
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14
Q

In Bony palpation, what is the position of the patient?

A

The patient may either stand or lie down, whichever is more comfortable.

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15
Q

Bony palpation: True or False:

If it is possible, some portion of this examination should be conducted while the patient is standing, since pathology overlooked in a non-weight-bearing position may become patently obvious under the stress of weight bearing.

A

True

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16
Q

Bony palpation of the anterior aspect: Your first contact should be gentle, yet firm. As you palpate, gauge the __________ and take note of any _________ elicited. It is best to palpate both sides at the same time to facilitate _______________ .

A

skin temperature

tenderness

bilateral comparison

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17
Q

Bony palpation of the anterior aspect: Stand in front of the patient and place your hands upon the sides of his waist with your thumbs on the _________________ and your fingers on the anterior portion of his iliac crests.

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spines

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18
Q

Anterior Superior Iliac Spines: In thin patients, these bony prominences are __________ , but in obese patients, they are covered by and may be somewhat more difficult to find.

A

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

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19
Q

___________ - is subcutaneous, and serves either as a point of origin or of insertion for a variety of muscles.

A

Iliac Crest

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20
Q

Bony palpation of the anterior aspect:

To palpate, Keep your thumb upon the anterior superior iliac spine and move your fingers posteriorly along the lateral lip of the iliac crest. About three inches from the top of the crest, you can palpate the ___________ , which marks the widest point on the crest.

A

Iliac Tubercle

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21
Q

Bony palpation of the anterior aspect:

To palpate, With your thumbs still in place on the anterior superior spines, move your fingers down from the iliac tubercles to the ______________ of the femurs . The posterior edge is relatively uncovered, and, as such, is easily palpable.

A

Greater Trochanter

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22
Q

What covers the anterior and lateral potions of the greater trochanter?

A

Tensor fascia lata and the gluteus rnedius muscle

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23
Q

Normally, the trochanters are level. What are the two pathologies that could make the levels of the trochanters unequal?

A

A congenital hip dislocation hip fracture

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24
Q

Bony palpation of the anterior aspect: With your fingers anchored on the trochanters, move your thumbs along the inguinal creases medially and obliquely downward until you can feel the ____________ .

A

Pubic Tubercles

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25
Q

Pubic tubercles are hidden under __________ and the ___________ , the pubic tubercles are palpable bony protuberances. Note that they are on the same level as the top of the greater trochanters.

A

pubic hair

pubic fat pad (mons pubis)

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26
Q

what is the position of the patient on bony palpation of the posterior aspect?

A

The patient should lie on his side with his hip flexed

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27
Q

What are the posterior aspects of the pelvic girdle?

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spines

Greater Trochanter

Ischial Tuberosity

Sacroiliac Joint

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28
Q

Bony palpation of the posterior aspect: These are easily located, for they lie directly underneath the visible dimples just above the buttocks. The spines are subcutaneous and easily palpable. With the patient lying on his side, anchor your thumb upon the upper spine and palpate along the posterior iliac crest to the iliac tubercle.

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spines

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29
Q

The entire edge of the iliac crest is ___________ , from the posterior to the anterior superior iliac spines.

A

Subcutaneous

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30
Q

Bony palpation of the posterior aspect: Keeping your thumb upon the posterior superior iliac spine, move your fingers downward and you can again palpate the posterior aspect of the _____________.

A

greater trochanter

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31
Q

____________ - is located in the middle of the buttock at the approximately at the level of the gluteal fold.

A

Ischial tuberosity

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32
Q

The tuberosity is difficult to palpate if the hip joint is __________ , since the gluteus maximus muscle and fat pads cover it.

A

extended

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33
Q

How to palpate the ischial tuberosity ?

A

With your fingers in place upon the greater trochanter, move your thumb from the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity.

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34
Q

Which statement is true?

  1. If the hip is extended, the gluteus maximus moves upward and the ischial tuberosity becomes easily palpable.
  2. The tuberosities lie in the same horizontal plane as the lesser trochanters of the femurs.
A

2

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35
Q

This joint is not palpable, due to the overhang of the ilium and the obstruction of the supporting ligaments. It is rarely involved pathologically.

A

Sacroiliac Joint

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36
Q

Anatomic guidelines in identification of the lumbar spinous processes: The center of the joint, at S2, is crossed by an imaginary line drawn between the _______________ ; a line drawn across the top of the iliac crests crosses the spine between the ____________ .

A

posterior superior iliac spines

spinous processes of L4 and L5

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37
Q

True or False:

Because the hip joint lies deep and is heavily clothed by muscles, neither its components nor any possible abnormalities, such as a fracture of the proximal end of the femur or acetabulum, are palpable.

However, the combination of a visibly shortened extremity, external hip rotation, and pain upon motion strongly suggest a fractured hip.

A

True

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38
Q

What are the five clinical zone for soft tissue palpation of the hip and pelvic region?

A

Zone I - femoral triangle

                                    II - greater trochanter

III - sciatic nerve

IV - iliac crest

                    V - hip and pelvic muscles
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39
Q

___________ - is defined superiorly by the inguinal crease, medially by the adductor longus muscle, and laterally by the sartorius muscle ridge.

A

femoral triangle

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40
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

The floor of the triangle is formed by portions of the adductor longus, the pectineus, and the iliopsoas muscles.

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41
Q

The _________ and __________ are superficial to the iliopsoas muscle, and the psoas bursa and hip joint lie deep to it.

A

Femoral artery

lymph glands

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42
Q

What is the position of the patient during soft tissue palpation of femoral triangle? This position puts the hip in flexion, abduction, and external rotation.

A

Most efficiently when the patient is supine, with the heel of the leg being examined resting upon the opposite knee.

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43
Q

___________ - is located between the anterior superior iliac spines and the pubic tubercles. Any unusual bulges along the course of this ligament may indicate an inguinal hernia

A

inguinal ligament

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44
Q

____________ - passes under the inguinal ligament at about its midpoint. Its pulse is palpable just inferior to the inguinal ligament, at a point halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle .

A

Femoral Artery

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45
Q

Femoral Artery: Normally the pulse is quite strong, but if the ___________ or _________ is partially occluded, the pulse may be diminished.

A

common iliac artery

external iliac artery

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46
Q

__________ - lies deep to the femoral artery , but because it is covered by the thick anterior joint capsule (iliofemoral ligament) and the tendon and fibers of the psoas muscle, it is not palpable.

A

femoral head

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47
Q

___________ - lies lateral to the femoral artery; it is not palpable.

A

Femoral Nerve

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48
Q

___________ - medial to the femoral artery, is a clinical site for venous puncture. Under normal circumstances, it is not palpable.

A

Femoral Vein

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49
Q

____________ - which forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle, is the longest muscle of the body. It is palpable at its origin (slightly inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine), and is rarely pathologically involved .

A

Sartorius Muscle

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50
Q

This muscle is palpable when the legs are abducted away from the midline. It then forms a distinct ridge, extending from the area of the pubic symphysis toward the middle of the thigh. The proximal cordlike terminus of the muscle is particularly prominent.

A

Adductor Longus Muscle

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51
Q

___________ - is frequently pulled during strenuous activity or athletic endeavor, and may be ten- der to palpation. Occasionally, in spastic children, this muscle must be tenotomized to release the extremity from severe adduction and to prevent possible ____________ .

A

Adductor longus hip dislocation

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52
Q

The general area within the triangle should also be probed for enlarged lymph nodes, which may be a sign of an _________ ascending from the lower extremity, or of local ___________ .

A

infection

pelvic problems

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53
Q

What is the most medial structure in the femoral triangle?

A

lymph nodes

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54
Q

What are included in soft tissue palpation of Femoral Triangle ( zone I )?

A

Inguinal ligament

Femoral Artery

femoral head

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Vein

Sartorius Muscle

Adductor Longus Muscle

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55
Q

What are included in soft tissue palpation of Greater Trochanter ( zone II )?

A

Trochanteric Bursa

Gluteus Medius Muscle

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56
Q

What is the position of the patient in soft tissue palpation of greater trochanter?

A

The patient turn over on his side

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57
Q

____________ - Protects soft tissues that cross the bony posterior portion of the greater trochanter. Any tenderness might indicate trochanteric bursitis. The bursa itself is not palpable unless it is distended or inflamed. If it is inflamed, the area around it feels boggy and may be tender to palpation.

A

Trochanteric Bursa

58
Q

This muscle inserts into the upper lateral portion of the trochanter.

A

Gluteus Medius Muscle

59
Q

Soft tissue palpation of greater trochanter: When the hip is _________ , ________ , and ___________ , the tensor fascia lata can ride anteriorly over the greater trochanter; an audible and palpable snap becomes perceptible when it returns to a neutral position. This snap usually occurs in activities such as climbing or walking up stairs.

A

flexed

adducted

bearing weight

60
Q

A condition that can generate a mild aching sensation or trochanteric bursitis, but rarely a problem of any magnitude.

A

snapping hip

61
Q

What are the conditions that may cause tenderness of the sciatic nerve?

A

herniated disc in the lumbar spine

pyriformis muscle spasm

direct trauma to the nerve itself ( such as misplaced injection)

62
Q

What is the position of the patient in Soft tissue palpation of Sciatic Nerve (Zone III )?

A

To palpate the soft tissues in this zone, have the patient remain on his side, with his back to you.

63
Q

__________ - is located midway between the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity.

A

sciatic nerve

64
Q

Soft tissue palpation of Sciatic Nerve: When the hip is _______ , the sciatic nerve is covered by the gluteus maximus’ muscle, but when it is ________ , the gluteus maximus moves out of the way.

A

extended

flexed

65
Q

Soft tissue palpation of Sciatic Nerve: Palpate the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity again to determine the midpoint between them. If you press firmly into the soft tissue depression at that midpoint, you may be able to feel the _________ underneath the ________ .

A

sciatic nerve

fatty tissue

66
Q

Note that there is a bursa overlying the ischial tuberosity. Tenderness elicited during palpation of the tuberosity may possibly result from ___________ , a rare finding.

A

ischial bursitis

67
Q

__________ - can be easily confused with ischial bursitis and the two structures must be isolated and the precise area of tenderness identified to avoid error.

A

Sciatic pain

68
Q

This area is clinically significant, first because the duneal nerves cross it, and second because the gluteus and sartorius muscles originate just below it.

A

iliac crest

69
Q

What are included in soft tissue palpation of iliac crest ( zone IV )?

A

Cluneal Nerves

70
Q

_________ - supply sensation to the skin over the iliac crest, between the posterior superior iliac spines and the iliac tubercles. When an iliac bone graft is taken, these nerves are often cut, and the crest should be palpated for possible neuromas in this nerve.

A

cluneal nerves

71
Q

On occasion, ______________ may be found along the iliac crest. Such palpable enlargements are painful and very tender to the touch.

A

fibro-fatty nodules

72
Q

In soft tissue palpation of the hip and Pelvic muscle ( zone V ) The superficial muscles of the hip and pelvic region lie in quadrants, according to their position and function includes:

A

1) Flexor grouping—anterior quadrant
2) Adductor grouping—medial quadrant
3) Abductor grouping—lateral quadrant
4) Extensor grouping—posterior quadrant

73
Q

What are the muscles included in flexor group?

A

Sartorius Muscle

Iliopsoas Muscle

Rectus Femoris

74
Q

__________ - is the primary hip flexor. It is not palpable, since it lies deep to other muscles and fascia. An abnormal contracture of this muscle may lead to a flexion deformity of the hip.

A

iliopsoas muscle

75
Q

_________ - bursa that lies underneath the iliopsoas, and occasionally the iliopsoas contracting over an inflamed bursa causes pain in the inguinal area.

A

psoas bursa

76
Q

_________ - is a traplike muscle that runs obliquely down, lie anterior at the aspect of the thigh.

A

Sartorius Muscle

77
Q

____________ - crosses both the hip joint and the knee joint, acting as a flexor for the hip and an extensor for the knee . It is the only two-joint muscle in the quadriceps group.

A

Rectus Femoris

78
Q

What is the dual origin of rectus femoris?

A

direct head and an indirect head

79
Q

_________ , which takes origin from the anterior inferior iliac spine, It is the more commonly avulsed usually from sport injuries.

A

direct head

80
Q

Neither head is distinctly palpable, since the muscle disappears proximally in the depression between the ________ and the ___________ . Either head (or both) can be torn from its attachments, and the area should be palpated for __________ .

A

sartorius tensor

fascia lata

tenderness

81
Q

True or False:

Although it is difficult to distinguish the rectus femoris from the other quadriceps, it is impossible to detect an obvious deficit or rupture in the belly of the muscle.

A

False

82
Q

What are the five muscles included in Adductor Group?

A

(1) the gracilis
(2) the pectineus
(3) the adductor longus
(4) the adductor brevis
(5) the adductor magnus

83
Q

_________ - is the most superficial and the only muscle accessible to palpation among adductor group.

A

Adductor longus

84
Q

What muscles are included in Abductor Group?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus muscles

85
Q

__________ - lies deep to the gluteus medius and is not palpable.

A

Gluteus minimus muscles

86
Q

_________- is the main hip abductor. It lies just below the iliac crest. It is most easily palpable when the patient lies on his side with his free leg raised in a few degrees of abduction.

A

Gluteus Medius Muscle

87
Q

What condition will results to weakness of the gluteus medius muscle?

A

gluteus medius lurch

88
Q

What are the muscles included in Extensor Group?

A

gluteus maximus hamstring muscles

89
Q

___________ - a massive, coarse-grained muscle, is the primary hip extensor. Its origin and insertion are difficult to palpate. The outline of this muscle can be roughly estimated by using some of the bony landmarks located during bony palpation.

A

Gluteus maximus

90
Q

Trur or False:

An imaginary line drawn from the coccyx to the ischial tuberosity represents the maximus lower border; another line drawn from the posterior superior iliac spine to slightly above the greater trochanter represents the muscle’s upper border; and a third line between the posterior superior iliac spine and the coccyx completes the outline.

A

True

91
Q

The gluteus maximus is most palpable when the patient is in the __________ , with his buttocks squeezed together. The muscle also becomes prominent when the patient, while prone, _______ his hip and _______ his knee.

A

prone position

extends

flexes

92
Q

___________ - consist of the biceps femoris on the lateral side and the semitendinosus and semimembranosus on the medial side. They are palpable from origin to insertion.

A

Hamstring Muscles

93
Q

Both gluteus maximus muscles should be palpated simultaneously to provide instant comparison of _____ , size, ______ , and quality.

A

tone

shape

94
Q

What conditions may results to general tenderness and spasm of the hamstring muscle?

A

Excessive athletic activity (pulled hamstring)

Spasm secondary to a herniated disc in the lower lumbar

spine slippage of one lumbar vertebra on another (spondylolisthesis )

95
Q

What conditions may results to any tenderness elicited while examining the hamstrings ?

A

Ischial bursitis the case of a severe injury direct damage to the hamstrings

96
Q

What are included in Active Range of Motion Tests?

A

Abduction

Adduction

Flexion

Flexion and adduction

Flexion, abduction and external rotation

Internal and external rotation

97
Q

Ask the patient to stand and to spread his legs apart as far as he can. He should be able to abduct each leg at least 45° from the midline. What is the range of motion?

A

Abduction

98
Q

Instruct the patient to bring his legs together from the abducted position, and alternately cross them, first with the right leg in front, then with the left. He should be able to achieve at least 20°. What is the range of motion?

A

Adduction

99
Q

Instruct the patient to draw each knee toward his chest as far as he can without bending his back. He should be able to bring his knees almost to his chest (approximately 135°) . What is the range of motion?

A

Flexion

100
Q

Have the patient sit in a chair and ask him to cross one thigh over the other. What is the range of motion?

A

Flexion and adduction

101
Q

After the patient cross one thigh over the other, instruct himt to uncross his thighs and place the lateral side of his foot upon the opposite knee. What is the range of motion?

A

Flexion, abduction and external rotation

102
Q

Ask the patient to fold his arms across his chest, and, keeping his back straight, to get up from the chair. What is the range of motion?

A

Extension

103
Q

True or False:

There are no specific, quick active tests for range of internal and external rotation of the femur; however, these functions have been adequately tested in conjunction with the other tests.

A

True

104
Q

On occasion, patient may substitute motion of the pelvis and lumbar spine to compensate for decreased range of hip motion. During the passive range of motion test, what are the range of motion included?

A

Flexion ( Thomas Test ) 120 °

Extension 30°

Abduction 45°-50°

Adduction 20-30°

Internal rotation 35°

External rotation 45°

105
Q

___________ - is a specific test designed to detect flexion contractures of the hip, it may also be used to evaluate range of hip flexion.

A

Flexion ( Thomas Test )

106
Q

What is the position of the patient during Flexion ( Thomas Test ) ?

A

The patient should be supine on the examining table, with his pelvis level and square to his trunk so that an imaginary line drawn between the anterior superior iliac spines is perpendicular to the axis of his body.

107
Q

What to do to stabilize the patient’s pelvis?

A

Place your hand under the patient’s lumbar spine and flexing his hip, bringing his thigh up onto his trunk.

108
Q

Normal flexion limits to allow the anterior portion of the thigh to rest against the _________ , almost touching the chest wall.

A

abdomen

109
Q

What indicates that the pelvis is stabilized?

A

The previous lordosis of the lumbar spine is flattened.

110
Q

Flexion of the hip: If the hip does not extend fully and If he rocks forward, lifting his thoracic spine from the table, or arches his back to reform the lumbar lordosis when he lowers his leg. What condition of the hip is suspected?

A

fixed flexion contracture

111
Q

________ and ________ of the back are compensatory mechanisms to facilitate lowering of a contracted hip.

A

rocking

arching

112
Q

True or False:

The extent of a flexion contracture can be approximated if you observe the patient from the side and estimate the angle between his leg and the table at the point of greatest extension.

A

True

113
Q

Ask the patient to lie prone upon the examining table, and stabilize the pelvis by placing your arm ever the iliac crest and lower lumbar spine. If the hip cannot extend, a flexion contracture is a probable cause. What passive range of motion is done?

A

Extension

114
Q

Abduction of both hips can be easily compared if the leg remains in this position while you repeat the same maneuver on the other leg. Hip abduction can be measured accurately by recording the ______________ for each leg, and measuring the ___________ separation during full abduction

A

Degrees of abduction

intermalleolar

115
Q

True or False:

Adduction is more often limited by pathology than abduction.

A

False

116
Q

With the patient still supine, continue to stabilize the pelvis and, by holding one ankle, guide the leg across the midline of the body and over the opposite extremity. What passive range of motion is done?

A

Adduction 20-30°

117
Q

True or False: You can feel the pelvis begin to move at the end point of hip adduction. Note that heavy thighs can offer some soft tissue resistance to a full range of adduction.

A

True

118
Q

True or False:

It is important that the range of femoral rotation be tested with the patient’s hip both extended and flexed, since rotation can exist in one position, but be limited in the other. It is perhaps more important that rotation be tested when the hip is extended since hip extension is vital to ambulation.

A

True

119
Q

Have the patient assume a supine position, with his legs extended. Stand at the foot of the table, hold his feet just above the malleoli, and rotate the legs externally and internally, using the proximal end of the patella as a guideline to evaluate range of rotation. What passive range of motion is done?

A

Internal rotation and External rotation

120
Q

True or False:

Occasionally, the rotation range of an extended hip may differ from that of a flexed hip. To test rotation of the hip in flexion, ask the patient to sit up on the end of the table so that both hips and knees are in 90° of flexion.

A

True

121
Q

What is one possible cause of excessive internal or external hip rotation?

A

femoral neck anteversion or retroversion

122
Q

Normally the neck of the femur is angled 15° anterior to the long axis of the shaft of the femur and the femoral condyles. Any increase in this anterior angulation (excessive anteversion) results in a greater _____________ .

A

internal rotation

123
Q

What condition can limit motion in all planes, but it most often affects internal rotation and abduction.

A

Osteoarthritis

124
Q

The neurologic examination of the hip is divided into two parts:

A

(1) muscle testing
(2) sensation testing

125
Q

The muscles will be tested in functional groups. This group includes:

A

Flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors

126
Q

This type of testing is important for clinical reasons since each functional group receives innervation from a different peripheral nerve, and, in most instances, from a different neurologic level.

A

Muscle Testing

127
Q

Ask the patient to raise his thigh from the table.Place your free hand over the distal end of the thigh and ask him to raise his thigh further, while you offer resistance. What muscle is being tested?

A

Iliopsoas

128
Q

The patient to lie prone and to flex his knee to relax the hamstring muscle. With your other hand, offer resistance to his motion by pushing down on the posterior aspect of the thigh just above the knee joint. This muscleshould be palpated for tone during the test . What muscle is being tested?

A

gluteus maximus muscle

129
Q

What is the Primary extensors muscle of the hip?

A

Gluteus Maximus

130
Q

What is the Secondary extensors muscle of the hip?

A

Hamstrings

131
Q

What id the innervation of Gluteus Maximus?

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve, S1

132
Q

What is the Primary Abductor muscle of the hip and what is the innervation?

A

Gluteus Medius ; Superior Gluteal Nerve, L5

133
Q

What is the Secondary Abductor muscle of the hip?

A

Gluteus Minimus

134
Q

What is the Primary Adductor muscle of the hip and what is the innevation?

A

Adductor Longus : Obturator Nerve, L2,3,4

135
Q

Have the patient lie on his side and abduct his leg. Then place your hand on the medial side of his knee, and ask him to try to pull his leg back toward the midline of the body against your resistance. What range of motion is done?

A

Adduction

136
Q

The strip approximately level with the umbilicus is supplied by _____: The strip immediately above the inguinal ligament is supplied by _____ , and the area in between is supplied by _____.

A

T10

T12

T11

137
Q

__________ is supplied to the hip, pelvic region, and thigh by nerves taking origin from roots in the lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spines.

A

Sensation

138
Q

The sensory area of ____ lies immediately below the inguinal ligament and parallel to it on the upper anterior portion of the thigh. An oblique band immediately above the kneecap represents ____ , and the area between is supplied by ____ .

A

L1

L3

L2

139
Q

What are the orthopedic testing for hip?

A

Trendelenburg Test

True and apparent leg length

Hibb’s test

Allis’ sign

Ober’s modified

Thomas test

140
Q

This procedure is designed to evaluate the strength of the gluteus medius muscle.

A

Trendelenburg Test

141
Q

To determine, first place the patient’s legs in precisely comparable positions and measure the distance from the anterior superior iliac spines to the medial malleoli of the ankles.

A

True Leg Length Discrepancy

142
Q

Establish that there is no true leg length discrepancy. Apparent shortening may stem from pelvic obliquity or from adduction or flexion deformity in the hip joint. During inspection, pelvic obliquity manifests itself as uneven anterior or posterior superior iliac spines while the patient is standing.

A

Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy

Client Assessment 2-3 (4 decks)

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