Obesity, Exercise and Health

Question 1

What happens when energy intake exceeds energy output?

Answer 1

Weight gain due to positive energy balance

Question 2

What is obesity?

Answer 2

Excess body fat

Question 3

Formula

Answer 3

BMI=BM/Height^2

Question 4

Why is BMI not a good indicator of body fat?

Answer 4

Muscle is more dense than fat so muscular people with the same BMI as some one who is obese is wrong

Question 5

Obesity stats

Answer 5

25-33% of Canadians are obese
Teenagers who are obese have an 80% chance of remaining obese
Children who are obese are more likely to be obese adults

Question 6

Why is obesity a major public health concern?

Answer 6

Strongly linked to chronic disease

Cost $43 billion in 2001

Question 7

What are some medical complications of obesity?

Answer 7

Pulmonary disease (abnormal function)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( steatosis)
Gallbladder disease
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Gynecologic abnormalities (abnormal menstrual cycle)
Cancer (breast and prostate)
Stroke
Cataracts

Question 8

Why is there a upward trend in obesity?

Answer 8

Genetic make up has a strong influence
Environment has greatest impact
-Increase energy intake (large portions, energy dense food)
-Decrease EE (Less physical labour in daily lives, increase opportunity to be sedentary)

Question 9

What can we do to decrease the trend?

Answer 9

PA w/out diet restrictions offers modest weight loss (more significant when PA is >250hrs/wk)
PA combined with diet provides more successful results
Weight loss as little as 3% is associated with favorable results

Question 10

Physical Activity

Answer 10

Bodily movement that increases EE

Question 11

Exercise

Answer 11

Planned, structured, and repetitive with goals

Question 12

Physical Fitness

Answer 12

Ability to carry out daily task with vigour and alertness without fatigue and with ample energy

Question 13

Skill related fitness

Answer 13

important in performing the more technical aspects of sports (balance, agility, reaction time, power)
Important as well for daily living, occupational tasks and at any age

Question 14

Health related fitness

Answer 14

Contributes to overall health

Ability to carry out daily activities and decrease risk of developing disease

Question 15

Physical Functioning

Answer 15

Capacity of an individual to carry out the physical activities of daily living
Reflects motor function and control, physical fitness and habitual physical activity
Predictor of functional independence, disability, morbidity and mortality

Question 16

What are the benefits of health related fitness?

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 16

increase VO2 max and anaerobic threshold

decrease work during submax exercise

Question 17

What are the benefits of health related fitness?

Muscular strength and endurance

Answer 17

Increase strength, endurance, and muscle mass

Reduce risk of musculoskeletal disorder, pain and disability

Question 18

What are the benefits of health related fitness?

Body composition

Answer 18

Decrease total body and intra-abdominal fat
increase muscle and bone mass
weight maintenance

Question 19

What are the benefits of health related fitness?

Flexibiltiy

Answer 19

Enhance ROM, Postural stability, balance

Question 20

What are the benefits of health related fitness?

Answer 20

Decrease all causes of mortality
Decrease risk of chronic illneess
Decrease BP and increase lipoprotein profile, C-reactive protein(inflammatory marker)
Enhance insulin sensitivity
Weight management
Increase immune function
Increase brain health

Question 21

What happens if I don’t /stop exercise?

Answer 21

Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)

• sedentary living increases premature death
• Collection of health disorders caused by inactivity
• inactivity is modifiable

Question 22

Prevention of chronic disease through exercise

Answer 22

Inactivity increases chronic diseases
CVD (CAD, stroke and hypertension)
Colo-rectal and breast cancer
Type II diabetes
Obesity
Dementia and Alzheimer's
Osteoporosis

Question 23

Proposed mechanisms of exercise reduce risk of chronic diseases through…

Answer 23

Decrease abdominal adiposity and weight control
Increase lipid profiles
Decrease BP
Increase cardiovascular function
Increase insulin sensitivity
Increase immune function
Decrease inflammation
increase brain health

Question 24

Management benefits of exercise

Answer 24

decrease morbidity/ mortality
slowed progression of disease
increase physical functioning
Increase QoL
Decrease risk of chronic disease

Question 25

Exercise and aging

Answer 25

Decrease in physical functioning after 30yrs such as:

• cardiovascular function
• muscle mass
• ROM
• Endocrine function
• neuromuscular performance

Question 26

Phsyiological function decrease with age but…

Answer 26

25% greater in active people

exercise slows the decrease

Question 27

What are the risks of exercise?

Answer 27

Cardiac events
Muscle injury
Concussion
Risk may increase depending on FITT
Benefits outweigh risks

Question 28

How to reduce the risks?

Answer 28

Warm up/ cool down
Gradual progression
Screening
Professional trainers

Question 29

What is Overreaching?

Answer 29

Excessive exercise overload with inadequate recovery
Increase effort with decrease performance
Short term rest usually restores function

Question 30

What is over training?

Answer 30

Athlete can no longer adapt to training and performance decreases
Indicated by decrease performance
alterations in mood