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BIOC1007 CH > Protein Structure > Flashcards

Protein Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of proteins?

A

Structure, Motor, Enzymes, Antibodies, Haemoglobin, Transport

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2
Q

Which two structural components is actin present in?

A

Monomer in microfilaments and thin filaments in muscles

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3
Q

What is the role of kinases?

A

Move phosphate groups from ATP to AA

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4
Q

What is HSA?

A

Human Serum Albumin, transport protein, most abundant in plasma

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5
Q

What are the names of the two ways a peptide bond can rotate?

A

Phi and Psi

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6
Q

Rotation around CH-NH bond is given what name?

A

Phi rotation, this rotation is also clockwise when viewed from amino terminus

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7
Q

Rotation around CH-CO bond is given what name?

A

Psi rotation, this rotation is also anticlockwise when viewed from amino terminus

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8
Q

What is a motif?

A

Cluster of conserved residues, carry out a specific and vital function/form (protein)

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9
Q

What are the 3 elements in secondary structure?

A

Alpha Helix, Beta-pleated sheet, Beta-Turn

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10
Q

Is an alpha helix right or left handed?

A

Right handed, stable

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11
Q

Bonds form between which residues in an alpha helix?

A

Oxygen from a carboxyl group and nitrogen from amine group, i+4 residues along

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12
Q

What bonds hold the tertiary structure together?

A

Hydrogen, Ionic/Electrostatic, Disulphide, Hydrophobic

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13
Q

Which other motif is important for folding of beta pleated sheets?

A

Beta-hairpin, used to form adjacent sheets

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14
Q

What is a greek key motif made up of?

A

4 antiparallel beta sheets connected by 2 beta-hairpins and a longer loop

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15
Q

Is an EF hand motif made up from all alpha or all beta structure?

A

All alpha, 2 alpha helices joined together

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16
Q

What is a useful feature of the EF hand motif?

A

Binds calcium ions, used in calmodulin

17
Q

What motif makes up Titin (big muscle fibre)?

A

Beta-sandwich, consists of 2 beta sheets held together, also present in antibodies

18
Q

What motif is often used as a pore?

A

Canonical beta barrel proteins, used as porins

19
Q

What motif uses alpha helices to connect beta sheets?

A

Beta-alpha-beta

20
Q

What is a motif containing alpha and beta secondary structure present in alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Rossman Fold, NAD+ bind to rossman fold (or FAD in decarboxylase)

21
Q

What is a domain?

A

Occurs when different structural motifs pack together to form a stable independant unit

22
Q

Give an example of a single domain and multi domain protein

A

Single domain: GFP / Multi Domain: Firefly Luciferase

23
Q

What is a knot?

A

Rare, pulling polypeptide creates knot, rather thans string

24
Q

What percentage of proteins are intrinsically disordered?

A

30%

25
Q

What defines an intrinsically disordered protein?

A

No defined 2D/3D structure due to a lack of hydrophobic residues leading to a weak hydrophobic effect

26
Q

What is an example of an intrinsically disordered protein?

A

alpha-synuclein is intrinsically disordered, but becomes ordered when bound to calmodulin

27
Q

What is the change in structure of alpha-synuclein when it binds to calmodulin?

A

helix forms at N-terminus, same structural change induced when Alpha-synuclein binds to lipid membrane

28
Q

What disease is caused by aggregation of alpha-synuclein?

A

Parkinsons

29
Q

Parkinsons symptoms are caused by which fibrils/bodies?

A

Amyloid fibrils, leading to Lewy Bodies

30
Q

What is GroEL/ES?

A

A chaperonin, which assists in protein folding

31
Q

Which GroEL/ES subunit acts as the ‘cage’ and which acts as the ‘lid’

A

GroEL = cage, GroES = lid

32
Q

What changes does GroEL/ES undergo to help protein fold?

A

After GroES has bound, GroEL doubles in volume and becomes more hydrophilic

33
Q

How many rings make up the GroEL structure?

A

2

34
Q

How many subunits are present in each GroEL ring?

A

7

35
Q

How many domains are present in each GroEL subunit?

A

3: Apical (GroES binding), Intermediate (hinge), Equatorial (ATP binding)

36
Q

How many helices are present in the equatorial domain?

A

10

37
Q

What is the structure and function of DNA helicase?

A

Hexameric, separates strands of DNA to allow transcription (ATP hydrolysis)

38
Q

What is the structure and function of Recombinase?

A

Filamentous, manipulates structure of genomes

39
Q

What is the structure and function of SSB?

A

Tetramer, prevents premature annealing

BIOC1007 CH (7 decks)

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