Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors effect on fetus

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents effect on fetus

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides effect on fetus

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine effect on fetus

Answer 4

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) effect on fetus

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonist effect on fetus

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Lithium effect on fetus

Answer 7

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 8

Methimazole effect on fetus

Answer 8

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 9

Phenytoin effect on fetus

Answer 9

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, retarded

Question 10

tetracyclines effect on fetus

Answer 10

Discolored teeth

Question 11

Thalidomide effect on fetus

Answer 11

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia - “flipper limbs”)

Question 12

Valproate effect on fetus

Answer 12

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption causing neural tube defects

Question 13

Warfarin effect on fetus

Answer 13

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Question 14

Alcohol effect on fetus

Answer 14

FAS; intellectual disabilityi

Question 15

Cocaine effect on fetus

Answer 15

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 16

Smoking effect on fetus

Answer 16

LBW in developed countries; preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 17

Iodine lack or excess effect on fetus

Answer 17

Congenital goiter of hypothyroidism (Cretinism)

Question 18

Maternal Diabetes effect on fetus

Answer 18

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Question 19

Vitamin A excess effect on fetus

Answer 19

Extremely high risk of spontaneous abortions and birth defects like cleft palate, cardiac anomalies

Question 20

X-ray effect on fetus

Answer 20

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Question 21

Smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, limb dislocation and heart defects, retardation, microcephaly and holoprosencephaly

Answer 21

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome