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A&P II exam 4 > Mechanisms of Disease: Renal and Urinary Disorders > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Disease: Renal and Urinary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Obstructive disorders?

A

Renal calculi
Neurogenic bladder
Tumors
Hydronephrosis

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2
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

kidney stones

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3
Q

What is a Neurogenic bladder?

A

(disruption of the nerve input to the bladder resulting in loss of normal control of voiding)

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4
Q

What is Hydronephrosis?

A

backing up of urine into the kidney due to some type of obstruction

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of Urinary tract infections?

A

Urethritis
Cystitis
Nephritis

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6
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

inflammation of the urethra

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7
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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8
Q

What is Nephritis?

A

kidney disease or inflammation of the kidney

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of Glomerular disorders?

A

Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Edema

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10
Q

What is Proteinuria?

A

protein in the urine

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11
Q

What is Hypoalbuminemia?

A

low albumin in the blood

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12
Q

What is Edema?

A

tissue swelling due to the accumulation of fluid

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13
Q

There are 2 types of Kidney failure. What are they?

A

Acute renal failure

Chronic renal failure

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14
Q

What is Acute renal failure?

A

abrupt reduction in kidney function

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15
Q

What is Chronic renal failure?

A

slow, progressive condition resulting in the gradual loss of nephrons

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16
Q

Which type of renal failure has stages and how many stages are there?

A

Chronic renal failure

3 stages

17
Q

What is happening in stage 1 of Chronic renal failure?

A

(1) remaining healthy nephrons compensate by enlarging and taking over the function of the lost nephrons
(2) BUN (blood urea nitrogen test) is kept within normal limits even though up to 75% of nephrons are lost

18
Q

What is happening in stage 2 of Chronic renal failure?

A

(1) kidney can no longer adapt to the loss of nephrons
(2) remaining healthy nephrons cannot handle the urea load
(3) BUN level spikes

19
Q

What is happening in stage 3 of Chronic renal failure?

A

complete renal failure

A&P II exam 4 (34 decks)

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