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GCSE Chemistry > Unit 1a > Flashcards

Unit 1a Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

What all substances are made of

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2
Q

Element

A

A substance that is made of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Compound

A

A substance made of more than one type of atom

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Made up of protons and neutrons and surrounded by electrons

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5
Q

Proton charge

A

Positive

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6
Q

Proton mass

A

1

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7
Q

Electron charge

A

Negative

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8
Q

Electron mass

A

0

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9
Q

Neutron charge

A

Neutral

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10
Q

Neutron mass

A

1

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11
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Mass number

A

The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

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13
Q

Noble gases

A

Unreactive atoms in the last group of the periodic table

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14
Q

Number of neutrons =

A

Mass number minus atomic number

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15
Q

Where are protons and neutrons found?

A

In the nucleus of an atom

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16
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

In the shells of an atom

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17
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Transferring electrons - when a metal and a non-metal react

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18
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Sharing electrons - when two non-metals react

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19
Q

Name of bonding when metal and non-metal react

A

Ionic bonding

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20
Q

Name of bonding when two non-metals react

A

Covalent bonding

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21
Q

Do metals form positive or negative ions?

A

Positive

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22
Q

Do non-metals form positive or negative ions?

A

Negative

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23
Q

Reactants

A

What we start with in a reaction

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24
Q

Products

A

What we end up with in a reaction

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25
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Limestone

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26
Q

Formula of calcium carbonate

A

CaCO3

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27
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

The breaking down of a chemical by heating

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28
Q

Products of heating limestone

A

Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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29
Q

Limestone

A

Calcium carbonate

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30
Q

Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid =

A

Calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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31
Q

Carbonate + acid =

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

32
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Use limewater - it turns cloudy

33
Q

Precipitate

A

Tiny solid particle

34
Q

Why does limewater turn cloudy with carbon dioxide?

A

Precipitates of calcium carbonate form

35
Q

Calcium carbonate + heat =

A

Calcium oxide

36
Q

Calcium oxide + water =

A

Calcium hydroxide

37
Q

Calcium hydroxide

A

Limewater

38
Q

Limewater

A

Calcium hydroxide

39
Q

Calcium hydroxide solution reactants

A

Calcium hydroxide + water and filter

40
Q

What do you add to calcium carbonate to make calcium oxide?

A

Add heat

41
Q

What do you add to calcium oxide to make calcium hydroxide?

A

Add water

42
Q

What do you add to calcium hydroxide to make calcium hydroxide solution?

A

Add more water and filter

43
Q

What do you add to calcium hydroxide solution to make calcium carbonate?

A

Add CO2

44
Q

Cement =

A

Limestone + clay

45
Q

Concrete =

A

Cement + sand + water

46
Q

Benefits of quarrying limestone

A

Provide jobs
Improved roads
Can be used as landfill sites or fishing lakes

47
Q

Drawbacks of quarrying limestone

A

Destroys habitats
Noise pollution
Air pollution
Unsightly

48
Q

Metal ore

A

Contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting

49
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Reduction

50
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Electrolysis

51
Q

Electrolysis

A

The breaking down of a metal using electricity

52
Q

Metal ore + carbon =

A

Metal + carbon dioxide

53
Q

Properties of iron from the blast furnace

A

Hard and brittle

54
Q

Pure iron

A

Iron without impurities

55
Q

Pure iron properties

A

Soft and easily shaped

56
Q

Brittle

A

Easily broken

57
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

58
Q

Properties of titanium

A

Strong
Resistant to corrosion
High melting point
Less dense than most metals

59
Q

Malleable

A

Easily shaped

60
Q

Ductile

A

Drawn into cables and wires

61
Q

Properties of aluminium

A 
Shiny 
Light
Ductile
Malleable
Low density
Conducts energy
62
Q

Properties of transition metals

A

Strong
Malleable
Good conductors of energy

63
Q

Crude oil

A

A mixture of lots of different compounds

64
Q

How are low-grade copper ores extracted?

A

Phytomining

Bioleaching

65
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more elements or compounds not chemically bonded together

66
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A

Fractional distillation

67
Q

Fractions

A

Substances with similar boiling points

68
Q

Alkanes

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

69
Q

Volatile

A

Easily evaporated at normal temperatures

70
Q

Short hydrocarbon chains

A

Very flammable
Low boiling points
Highly volatile
Low viscosity

71
Q

Where are the smaller hydrocarbon chains in fractional distillation found?

A

At the top

72
Q

Viscosity

A

The state of being thick and sticky in consistency

73
Q

Long hydrocarbon chains

A

Not flammable
High boiling points
Not volatile
High viscosity

74
Q

Causes of global warming

A

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

75
Q

Effects of global warming

A

Causes average global temperature to increase

76
Q

How is carbon monoxide formed?

A

Incomplete combustion

77
Q

How is ethanol made?

A

Fermentation of sugar canes

GCSE Chemistry (5 decks)

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