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History - COLD WAR > Emergence of The Cold War > Flashcards

Emergence of The Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Ideology - why was ideology a source of conflict?

A

Because the USA were capitalist & the USSR were communist - two polar opposites

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2
Q

Ideology - when was the Bolshevik revolution?

A

Oct 1917

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3
Q

Ideology - why did Lenin’s call to communism worry leaders?

A

in 1919-20 Lenin’s communism formed the first red scare as US gov. were afraid radicals might want to lead an violent overthrow

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4
Q

Ideology - what did the US gov. refuse to do?

A

Recognise Lenin’s communist government & restricted all trade.

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5
Q

How long was the there no trade between USA and USSR?

A

From 1918-1924 but resumed in 1924 with suspicion on both sides

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6
Q

Why did the Grand Alliance end in 1945?

A

Due to the inability to come to agreements after the Second World War

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7
Q

Ideology - what did British & US troops do during the Russian civil war (1918-1920)?

A

Intervened to overthrow Communist government

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8
Q

What did Western Powers refuse to do?

A

Recognise SU as a legitimate state & admit it to the League of Nations following WW1

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9
Q

What was Soviet Foreign Policy largely based on?

A

The assumption that Capitalist powers were hostile to communism

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10
Q

What was Soviet propaganda based on from 1917-1941?

A

Anti-Capitalist Propaganda

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11
Q

Stalin’s Aggression - what did Stalin create throughout Eastern Europe?

A

Satellite States (buffer zone ) the USA saw this as aggressive

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12
Q

SA - what did the Berlin Blockade 1948-49 do?

A

Increase tensions between West & East

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13
Q

When did Truman become President?

A

April 1945

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14
Q

What did war production create for the USA?

A

Economic boom - 1941-1945 doubling the US’s GDP

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15
Q

What did the US own?

A

Half of the world’s manufacturing capacity which was x3 that of the SU

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16
Q

How many people had died in the SU by 1945?

A

27 million

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17
Q

How many times had Russia been invaded?

A

5 times 1606,1812,1915,1918 and 1945

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18
Q

How many cities and towns were destroyed in SU?

A

1700

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19
Q

What else was destroyed after WW2 in USSR?

A

Industrial & agricultural infrastructure

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20
Q

Why did Stalin create buffer states?

A

Fear of invasion & need for security

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21
Q

Why did Stalin create the Berlin Blockade

A

Threat of Trizonia

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22
Q

What communist uprising did Stalin not intervene in?

A

Greece

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23
Q

What were some strengths of the SU after 1945

A
  • Biggest role in defeating Hitler guaranteed large amount in war settlement
  • Largest army - 11 million men in 1945
  • Fastest growing economy between 1945 -1953
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24
Q

What were Stalin’s three key objectives post-war?

A

Soviet dominance over Poland = a common avenue into Russia by invaders
Keeping Germany weak
Extending SU influence & territory over Europe

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25
Q

When was the Yalta conference

A

February 1945

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26
Q

What priorities did leaders have at the Yalta conference?

A

Stalin wanted to ensure Germany would no re-emerge as a military power = securing Poland in his sphere
FDR - acceptance of the UN and & soviet agreement to enter war against Japan

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27
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

July 1945

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28
Q

What was agreed at Potsdam?

A

Germany would be divided into 4 zones establishing new borders that would suit Stalin

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29
Q

When was the Long Telegram?

A

February 1946 - George Kennan

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30
Q

What did the Long Telegram include?

A

It alerted the US that the USSR were planning for world dominance

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31
Q

What did Kennan advise?

A

The USA must be firm & continue the policy of CONTAINMENT

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32
Q

When was the Novikov telegram?

A

September 1946

33
Q

What did the Novikov telegram include?

A

The US were using their wealth to gain power & influence stating that the US were planning for global domination

34
Q

What famous speech did Churchill give in 1946?

A

Iron Curtain Speech

35
Q

How did Stalin respond to Churchill’s iron curtain speech?

A

He called him a warmonger

36
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine?

A

March 1947

37
Q

What did Truman’s doctrine clearly state?

A

It outlined the policy of containment committing the USA to provide military & economic resources to stop the spread of communism

38
Q

Outline how Stalinisation of Europe began.

A

Stalin rigged several elections to create communist governments mirroring Stalin’s

39
Q

How did Stalin respond to the Marshall Plan?

A

He created Cominform & Comecon

40
Q

List two examples of Stalinisation

A

Hungary 1947 - rigged elections

Czechoslovakia 1948 - staged coup to overthrow government

41
Q

When was the Marshall Plan?

A

June 1947

42
Q

What did countries have to guarantee in order to be entitled to Marshall Aid?

A

Agree to free trade ( an element of Capitalism)

43
Q

What did the Eastern Bloc refer to Marshall Aid as?

A

Dollar Imperialism

44
Q

Why did Truman encourage superpower tensions?

A

To justify massive government spending on arms to stimulate US economy

45
Q

What was the significance of the Marshall Plan?

A

Economic recovery of Western Zones in Germany outside the Soviet Sphere of influence
Two economic areas of Europe sponsored by US and USSR

46
Q

Why did Stalin regard Germany with great suspicion?

A

Determined to safeguard SU from potential invasion

47
Q

How did the USA perceive Germany?

A

Punishment of Germany after WW1 led to political extremism the only way to guarantee peace was to create a s torng democratic industrial base

48
Q

Why was Berlin’s position a position of tension?

A

It was 177km outside Soviet Zone

49
Q

Why did Stalin desire reunification of Germany?

A

The unification of the Western zones was a military threat therefore he wanted a neutral reunified Germany

50
Q

Why did the US refuse Stalin’s desire?

A

They feared a unified Germany would be absorbed into Stalin’s sphere of influence.

51
Q

When did the Trizonia form?

A

April 1949

52
Q

Why did USSR reject US need for monetary reform?

A

Fear of capitalist influence throughout Germany

53
Q

What were the causes of the Berlin Crisis?

A

Formation go Trizonia & German currency reform in West May 1948

54
Q

How did the West respond to the Berlin Blockade?

A

The Berlin Airlift

55
Q

When did the Berlin Airlift take place?

A

26th June

56
Q

By May 1949 how many supplies had been flown into the city?

A

2.3 million

57
Q

What was the possible nuclear option?

A

August 1948 US deployed 60 B29 bombers

58
Q

When did Stalin end the Blockade?

A

12 May 1949 Stalin conceded the blockade had failed & reopened communications

59
Q

List 5 reasons why the blockade was significant?

A
  • Illustrated that the West could stand up to Soviet pressure peacefully
  • Propaganda disaster for the East as Stalin was willing to starve 2 million people for geopoltiical objectives
  • Soviets failed their objective of preventing the unification of 3 western zones as West Germany was est. 23 May 1949 & the Soviets declared FDR
  • US guaranteed security of Western Europe & NATO was set up April 1949
  • Neither side wanted conflict
60
Q

When did China become communist?

A

1949

61
Q

What speech was given in 1950 by Acheson

A

South Korea was excluded for US’s Asian defensive Perimeter

62
Q

When did North Korea invade South?

A

June 1950

63
Q

What did the NSC-68 (1950) state?

A

The SU was seeking World Domination & Korea was the first sign that it was being implemented

64
Q

Why did the USA intervene?

A

Truman was blamed for the loss of China & both Korea & Japan could be threatened by communism

65
Q

What policy did MacArthur stand strongly behind?

A

Rollback communism

66
Q

What did MacArthur’s success at rolling NK back suggest?

A

The USA should adopt a rollback communism approach

67
Q

When did the Chinese intervene?

A

Oct 1950

68
Q

What did Chinese troops do?

A

Chinese troops pushed SK back until 1953 when they reached armistice

69
Q

What was the significance of the Korean War?

A
  • Superpowers were willing to commit military force to defend their interests
  • Superpowers wanted to avoid direct conflict by fighting proxy wars
  • Demonstrated the importance of domestic political pressure on US policy
70
Q

Interpretation: Us Domestic Policy/Politics

A

The conflict between democrats and republicans using the Cold War to exploit fears & gain support

71
Q

Interpretation: US aggression

A

Cold war developed due to USA’s aggressive policies asserting their influence over the SU

72
Q

Interpretation:Stalin’s Personality

A

Stalin’s paranoia insecurities & unwillingness to negotiate created great tensions resulting in the CW.

73
Q

Interpretation: US Dollar Diplomacy/ Dollar Imperialism

A

US economic interests & desire to political and economic dominance led to the CW

74
Q

Interpretation: Mutual Misconceptions

A

Both superpowers had different perspective son mutual issues & due to the lack of communication they were motivated to protect their own interests.

75
Q

Interpretation: Great Power Rivalry

A

CW was simply a continuation of previous rivalry & desire for dominance

76
Q

What was US policy in Asia referred to as?

A

The continuation of the open door policy & the desire of expansion from the 19th century

77
Q

Interpretation: Stalin’s Aggression

A

Stalin’s aggressive policies & determination to create a sphere of influence led to the CW

78
Q

Interpretation: Ideological Confrontation

A

The ideological confrontation between the USA and USSR and their polar opposites led to the development of the CW

79
Q

Interpretation: Security Needs

A

The desire for both countries particularly the USSR to protect their country from further threat & invasion led to the CW

History - COLD WAR (7 decks)

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