Lecture 11.1 Introduction to Evolution

Question 1

What are mammals reproductive biology?

Answer 1

• monotremes
• marsupials
• eutherians

Question 2

What are the sister taxa of humans?

Answer 2

Chaimpanzees and bonobos

Question 3

who are our closest living relatives? and how much DNA do we share?

Answer 3

Chimpanzees and bonobos and share 99% of their DNA

Question 4

Who are the Homonins?

Answer 4

Evolutionary lineage leading to modern humans

Question 5

What hominins are still around today?

Answer 5

All extinct except Homo-sapiens

Question 6

What is a key evolved trait that hominins common ancestor share?

Answer 6

bipedal locomotion

bi-two

pedal- walking legs

Question 7

What are some advantages of bipedal locomotion?

Answer 7

• The ability to carry objects while walking
• elevated eyes in order to watch for predators more effectivly
• move over long distances more efficiently then quadrupedal locomotion

Question 8

Australopithecus

Answer 8

• Small heads and walked up right
• elogated faces
• bipedal locomotion!
  
  • pelvis
  • foorprints

Question 9

genus Homo have larger what?

Answer 9

Brains

Question 10

What are the earliest known species of Hominins?

Answer 10

The Homo habilis

Question 11

Homo habilis facts?

Answer 11

First evidence of tool manufacture

habilis = “handy man”

Question 12

Homo erectus features?

Answer 12

• Large skulls
• long legs
• straight fingers
• made advance tools & controlled fire

Question 13

Which hominid was the first seen to leave Africa?

Answer 13

Homo erectus!

Question 14

Who are the sister taxa of Homo sapiens?

Answer 14

Homo neanderthalensis

Question 15

Did early human and neanderthals interbreed?

Answer 15

yes! 2% of theis genes

Question 16

Fact about neanderhalensis?

Answer 16

• large skulls
• advance tools
• Evidence of burial

NO neanderthals found in AFRICA!!!

Question 17

What did Homo sapiens made?

Answer 17

• sophisticated tools and art

Question 18

What is biological evolution referred as sometimes?

Answer 18

descent with modification

Question 19

Genes are the basic unit of what?

Answer 19

heredity

chromosomes differ in versions

Question 20

How do populations evolve?

Answer 20

When the enviornment favor some traits over others

Question 21

What is the History of evolutionary thought?

Answer 21

• Creationism
  
  • ​Where species were created by a supernatural being
• ​Fixed Species
  
  • Species where placed on earth in there form
• Cuvier and fossils
  
  • studies fossils (pleontology)
• Lamarck and transmutation
  
  • change threw time and aquiring traits and passing them down (Giraffes)
• Charles Darwin and the theory of Evolution
  
  • species change through time

Question 22

What did Thomas Malthus write? what did darwin take from it?

Answer 22

Wrote the Principles of Population

• Darwin noted: favourable variation would tend to be preserved and unfavourable ones to be destroyed
  
  • populations of species change over time

Question 23

Alfred Wallace?

Answer 23

Had an identical hypothesis as Darwins

and both presented

• biological evolution by natural selection

Question 24

Charles Darwin had 5 observation and 2 inferences what were they?

Answer 24

1. Population could increase exponentially if all individuals survive
2. Populations tend to be stable in size, except for seasonal flunctuation
3. Resources are limited
4. Members of a popluation cary in their characteristics
5. variation is heritable

Inferences

• More individuals are produced than that enviornment can support
• Survival depends in part on inherited traits