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Foundations > BHC > Flashcards

BHC Flashcards

1
Q

Three areas do we analyze when determining the impact the parent company has on the depository institutions in the organization?

A

Leverage, Cash Flow, Liquidity

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2
Q

The Federal Reserve can require a nondepository institution to transfer capital to a depository institution?

A

FALSE

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3
Q

What financial areas of a nonbank subsidiary can an examiner analyze to help assess the financial condition of the nonbank subsidiary?

A

Capital, Earnings, Liquidity, Asset Quality

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4
Q

A nonbank subsidiary generates break?even earnings, which meet the purpose of the company. Due to the lack of profitability, an examiner intends to criticize earnings?

A

No

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5
Q

A material nonbank subsidiary has capital on par with its peers. Examiners conclude the nonbank has adequate capital. Do you agree?

A

Yes

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6
Q

The laundry list 225.28(b) of Regulation Y contains approved activities that are deemed closely related to banking and produce public benefits.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Most nondepository activities may be performed by a bank?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

The BHC Act permits selected nondepository activity?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

ABC Corporation has an asset securitization subsidiary, which is very small in relation to consolidated assets (less than .5% of capital). Should this subsidiary be inspected onsite?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Section 106(b) of the BHC Act

A

Prohibits a bank from conditioning the availability or price of one product or service (the tying product) on a requirement that the customer obtain another product or service (the tied product) from the bank or an affiliate of the bank.

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11
Q

“A subsidiary engaged in working out loans has material advances from the parent company, which it
cannot repay on a demand basis. The debt to equity ratio is low; therefore, the examiner will assess
funding as satisfactory. Should the examiner go further in this analysis?”

A

No

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12
Q

A BHC’s fixed contractual obligations consist of?

A

(1) interest expense; (2) lease and rental expense; (3) contractual longterm debt payments; and (4) preferred stock cash dividend payments.

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13
Q

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Metrics

A

If the FCCR exceeds 100%, fixed charges are covered by after‐tax cash earnings, a sign of cash flow strength. However, if the FCCR is less than 100%, the BHC must rely on external sources of cash or cash reserves to meet its contractual obligations.

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14
Q

Measures the ability of the BHC to pay common stock cash dividends from residual cash earnings?

A

Common Stock Cash Dividend Coverage Ratio

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15
Q

Common Stock Cash Dividend Coverage Ratio Metrics

A

If the CSCDCR exceeds 100%, the BHC’s common stock dividends are covered by its residual cash earnings. However, if the CSCDCR is less than 100%, common stock cash dividends must be funded from other external sources or excess cash reserves.

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16
Q

This ratio measures the BHC’s level of salaries and other expenses that are covered by management fees and other income from subsidiaries?

A

BHC Fees and Other Income Ratio

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17
Q

BHC Fees and Other Income Ratio Metrics

A

The best scenario for this ratio would be for it to approximate 100%. However, if the ratio exceeds 100%, it would suggest that BHC could be overcharging its subsidiaries for the services provided. If the ratio is less than 100%, it would suggest that the BHC is bearing some of the cost for the services it provides.

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18
Q

What is the major factor in determining the financial strength of a BHC?

A

cash flow

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19
Q

Definition of a company per Reg Y?

A

Bank, Corporation, Association, Partnership, Business Trust, or Similar Organization. An individual cannot be a BHC!

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20
Q

BHC Act of 1956

A

prohibit monopolies in the banking industry and ensure the separation of banking and commerce by restricting BHC activities

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21
Q

BHC Benefits

A
  1. Financial Flexibility 2. Economies of scale 3. non-bank activities
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22
Q

Primary responsibility of BHC to its sub

A

to serve as source of strength

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23
Q

BHCs are permitted to invest in and engage in activities that

A

are closely related to banking

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24
Q

Transactions affect the cash account and would appear on the BHC’s cash flow statement

A

Equity in Undistributed Earnings (subtract), Depreciation (add), Amortization of Prepaid Expenses (add), Impairment of Goodwill (add), Purchase of Treasury Stock

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25
Q

The level of debt has little impact on the cash flow of the organization?

A

FALSE

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26
Q

Restrictive covenants typically enhance the cash flow position of a BHC by providing
additional opportunities to borrow funds that previously were unavailable?

A

FALSE

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27
Q

Measures the BHC’s ability to cover its operating expenses and dividends with operating income?

A

Cash Flow Match Ratio

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28
Q

Cash Flow Match Ratio Metrics

A

If the ratio exceeds 100%, operating income adequately covers operating expenses and the payment of preferred and common dividends. If the ratio is less than 100%, the BHC would have to rely on cash reserves or externally provided sources to meet its operating expenses and pay dividends on its preferred and common stock.

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29
Q

This ratio measures the BHC’s ability to pay for FIXED contractual obligations with after‐tax income?

A

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio

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30
Q

Disadvantages of using Leverage

A
  1. high debt levels may force a BHC to rely heavily on its subsidiaries to provide debt service funds 2. high debt may strain cash flow and force mgmt to make poor operating decisions to conserve fund 3. high debt levels may prevent a BHC from taking advantage of new investment opportunities 4. lenders may impose restrictive covenants.
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31
Q

Advantages of leverage

A
  1. raises funds quickly 2. shifts the financial risk of a project from shareholders to lenders 3. LT debt improves a BHCs liquidity position b/c it extends maturity of obligations 4. interest pmts on corp debt are tax-deductible 5. debt does not dilute stockholders equity 6. debt usually less expensive than equity (tax education) 7. debt increases the ROR on investment (equity) 8. LT debt can be retired from cash flow
32
Q

Well capitalized level for FHC?

A

T1LC 5%, T1RBC 6%, TRBC 10%

33
Q

Well Capitalized level for BHC

A

T1RBC 6%, Total RBC 10%

34
Q

Bank Holding Company Rating System

A

RFIC(D) RISK MGMT (Compency BOD & Sr. Mgmt Oversight; Policies/Procedures/Limits; Risk Monitoring & Mgmt Info Systems; Internal Controls); FINANCIAL CONDITION (Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Earnings, Liquity) IMPACT of parent company and nonbanks on the subsidiary depository institutions.; COMPOSITE (reflects primary regulator’s assessment of bank subsidiary) DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS. *For non-complex institutions w/less than $1billion in assets, only the R and C are addressed.

35
Q

Minimal capital levels for BHCs?

A

T1LC 4%, T1RBC 4%, TRBC 8%

36
Q

BHCs should always attempt to maintain a current ratio > 100% or 1:1.

A

TRUE

37
Q

Current Ratio

A

Current Assets / Current Liabilities Should be greater than 1

38
Q

Current Ratio

A

Current Assets / Current Liabilities

Should be greater than 1

39
Q

Decreases in the asset categories are reported as positive values onthe cash flow statement. When a BHC sells an asset, cash will be generated from the transaction

A

TRUE

40
Q

The proceeds of parent company long‐term debt may be advanced to banking subsidiaries as debt.

A

Simple Leverage

41
Q

Increases in the asset categories are reported as negative values on the cash flow statement because they represent a use of cash

A

TRUE

42
Q

double leverage payback ratio

A

(Equity Investment in Subsidiaries - Parent Company Equity) / (Net Income - Dividends)

43
Q

Double leverage, in conjunction with the increased asset base of the bank, can lower the company’s consolidated capital ratios since it increases the amount of consolidated assets without a corresponding increase in the amount of capital at both the parent and consolidated levels

A

TRUE

44
Q

Primary Disadvantages of Leverage

A

May cause undue reliance on a company’s subsidiaries to service the debt; High debt levels may strain cash flow and force poor operating decisions; Leverage may prevent investment in other profitable opportunities; Lenders may impose restrictive covenants

45
Q

For small bank holding companies (consolidated assets of less than $150 million)

A

“100% or greater is “highly leveraged,”
30% to 100% is “moderately leveraged,” and
less than 30% is “minimally leveraged.””

46
Q

Because depreciation and amortization expenses are an income statement item, it is added back as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

A

TRUE

47
Q

Primary advantages of leverage

A

Allows a company to raise funds quickly to fund a project; shifts the financial risk of a project to the lender; Long‐term debt improves liquidity; Interest payments are tax deductible; increases the rate of return on investment

48
Q

debt‐to‐tangible‐equity ratio

A

Total debt / (equity - intangibles)

49
Q

This represents the period of time in years that a bank holding company is expected to repay its double leverage based on current earnings performance

A

double leverage payback ratio

50
Q

double leverage ratio

A

Equity Investment in Subsidiaries / Parent Company Equity

51
Q

The proceeds of parent company long‐term debt invested inbanking subsidiaries as equity

A

Double Leverage

52
Q

For large bank holding companies, (consolidated assets of at least $150 million)

A

“30% or more is “highly leveraged,”
10% to 30% is “moderately leveraged,” and
less than 10% is “minimally leveraged.””

53
Q

Parent Company Income is the same as _____?

A

Consolidated Income

54
Q

“BHCs tax deduction for

dividends received from its subsidiaries”

A

100% tax deduction when received from an affiliate in which the parent has an 80% or more ownership interest. An 80% dividend deduction is available when a subsidiary is between 20%‐80% owned, and a 70% dividend eduction is available when ownership in a subsidiary is less than 20%.

55
Q

Disadvantages of BHCs

A

Minority shareholders are those that own less than 50% of stock; Additional Federal Reserve Regulations; Possible Securities Law Regulation (>500 shareholers); Possible Dealings with Minority Shareholders

56
Q

The normal range for the ratio of “Bank Net Income/Parent Net Income”

A

90% to 105%. A ratio below this range (i.e., 85% or below) may indicate that the BHC is heavily relying on its nondepository subsidiaries for income. a ratio in excess of 105% may indicate that small nondepository subsidiaries are incurring losses or the BHC is incurring losses and undercharging for the use of intercompany funds

57
Q

Parent Company capital is the same as _____?

A

Consolidated Capital

58
Q

For small BHCs, the policy statement requires that the amount of acquisition debt should not exceed ___ percent of the purchase price of the bank(s) to be acquired?

A

75 Percent

59
Q

Bank Holding Company Act of 1956

A

BHC is a company that has direct or indirect control of a bank

60
Q

Small bank holding companies are required to reduce their parent company debt consistent with the requirement that all debt be retired within how many years of being incurred?

A

25 years

61
Q

Small bank holding companies are required to reduce their parent company debt consistent with the requirement that all debt be retired withinhow many years of being incurred?

A

25 years

62
Q

A small bank BHC whose debt-to-equity ratio is greater than what is generally not expected to pay dividends?

A

Ratio of 1.0 to 1

63
Q

Two conditions must be met by the nondepository subsidiary to qualify for Federal Reserve System
approval to operate within a bank holding company structure

A

produce benefits to the public and activity must be closely related to banking

64
Q

BHCs may file a consolidated tax return with the IRS

A

If it own 80% or more of a subsidiary bank

65
Q

BHCs fund their asset portfolio in one of three ways:

A

short?term debt; long?term debt; or equity capital

66
Q

BHCs major source of operating income

A

dividends received from its subsidiaries

67
Q

This describes the bank holding company (BHC) rating system

A

SR 04-18

68
Q

BHCs that are noncomplex and are $1 billion or less will typically be assigned only

A

Consistent with SR 02-1 Risk mangement and Composite ratings

69
Q

Three main areas to analyze a BHC’s dependence on its subsidiaries

A

Balance Sheet Dependence; Income Statement Dependence - Cash Flow Dependence

70
Q

This describes the bank holding company (BHC) rating system

A

SR 04?18

71
Q

BHCs that are noncomplex and are $1 billion or less will typically be assigned only

A

Consistent with SR 02?1 Risk mangement and Composite ratings

72
Q

A company that is not chartered as a bank and is engaged in activities other than banking

A

A nondepository entity

73
Q

Who is responsible for issuing the assertion of the adequacy of internal controls on behalf of their company’s bank subsidiaries?

A

holding company CEOs and CFOs

74
Q

What is defined as the use of debt to supplement the equity in a company’s capital structure?

A

Leverage

75
Q

What is unsecured debt that is junior (subordinate) to senior claims against the company, such as deposits and taxes payable to tax authorities?

A

Subordinated Debentures

76
Q

A company can retire (repay) subordinated debt in a variety of ways

A

Build cash reserve, refinance debt, or convert debentures into equity

77
Q

debt-to-equity ratio

A

Total debt / total equity capital (including both common and preferred stock)

Foundations (29 decks)

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