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Ap Psychology > Cognition-Memeory > Flashcards

Cognition-Memeory Flashcards

1
Q

flashbulb memory

A

highly emotional events allows us to strong; and clearly store memory

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2
Q

encoding

A

putting information in

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3
Q

storage

A

retaining information

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4
Q

retrieval

A

pulling information out

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5
Q

Memeory

A

Ability to store information

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6
Q

magic number seven

A

7+-2 limits our capacity for processing information (5 to 9)

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7
Q

automatic processing

A

we processes an enormous amount of information effortlessly

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8
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

intentionally going over information

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9
Q

elaborate rehearsal

A

explaining or relating it to personal affairs

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10
Q

spacing effect

A

we retain information n better as it is given to us over a span of time

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11
Q

serial position effect

A

tendency to recall information that is presented fist and last better than events in the middle ——- ———

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12
Q

types of stimulation

visual=
auditory=
tactile=
olfactory=
gustatory=
A 
iconic
echoic 
tactile
olfactory
gustatory
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13
Q

central executive

A

directs attention to material retrieved from LTM or important input from out sensory memory

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14
Q

phonological loop

A

temporarily stores sound …. like someone name

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15
Q

sketchpad

A

stores and manipulate mental image … like when you can image driving car to school from home

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16
Q

level of processing theory

A

craik and tuvlving

visual - what it looks like
acoustic - what it sounds like
semantic - what it means

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17
Q

chunking

A

breaking up large sets of information

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18
Q

mnemonics

A

memory aid tool/tricks

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19
Q

method of loic

A

invasion items in certain places

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20
Q

procedural memory

A

type of memory we have for “procedures” or for basic associations between stimuli and responses

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21
Q

Declarative memory

A

memories that can be copiously recalled

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22
Q

episotic memory

A

log term memory that is strong information about an event

23
Q

semantic memory

A

long term storing information about the world

24
Q

implicit memory

A

involves learning an action while the individual does not know

25
Q

explicit memeory

A

refers to the experiences that are consciously known and declared

26
Q

recognition

A

the person must identify an item amongst other choices

27
Q

recall

A

bringing a thought or idea learned perviously and thus started in memory into conscious awareness

28
Q

retreval cues

A

associations that help us pull out information

29
Q

priming

A

acuteness to stimuli because of exposure to a certain event or experience

30
Q

context effect

A

the context surrounding an event effects how an event is perceived

31
Q

mood congruent memory

A

when trying to recall event emotion comes along with it

32
Q

TOT phenomenon (“tip of the tongue”)

A

having a thought that is not all the way processed there for it can not be transmitted

33
Q

Memeory seen sins

A
  1. absent-minded
  2. transience
  3. blocking
  4. misattribution
  5. suggestibility
  6. bias
  7. unwanted persistence
34
Q

proactive interference

A

difficultly remembering information because of already remembered information

35
Q

retroactive interference

A

difficulty remembering information because of newly learned information

36
Q

amygdla

A

strengthens memory that has strong emotional association

37
Q

hippocampus

A

deterioration of this part of the brain causes alzhimer disease

38
Q

cerebellum

A

processes implicit memory

39
Q

long term potentiation

A

our neurons grow after learning

40
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

41
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to remember events from before an accident

42
Q

misinformation effect

A

we incorporate incorrect information into our memory

altering the correct information

43
Q

source amnesia

A

inability to remember information from existing knowledge origin

44
Q

prototype

A

Prototypes are used to enhance memory and recall, since you can keep a prototype of something and then match new, similar things to the prototype in order to identify, categorize, or store this new thing

45
Q

problem solving

A

a. identifying

b. selecting a strategy

46
Q

algorithms

A

set of information for solving problems or a process

47
Q

heuristics

A

rule of thumb for making efficient decisions

48
Q

heuristic strategy

A
  1. working backward
  2. searching for analogies
  3. breaking a big problem into a smaller one
49
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency for a person to search for information that confers there perception

50
Q

mental set

A

the tendency to approach a situation in a similar manor because that is the way it worked in the past

51
Q

functional fitness

A

narrow and limited thinking inducing the problem solving system

52
Q

framing

A

the presenting of information

53
Q

hindsight bias

A

the tendency to believe, once the out come is already known, that you would have been able to foresee it

54
Q

belief perciverence

A

Some people have the tendency or unwillingness to admits that there foundation is incorrect even in light of convincing evidence contrary to there belief

Ap Psychology (6 decks)

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