Eye movement and pupillary control

Question 1

which eye movements are possible by the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 1

elevation of upper eyelid
upward and downward movements
adduction
upward and abduction

Question 2

complication of oculomotor palsy

Answer 2

are unilateral and ipsilateral to lesion

bleapharoptosis, only abduction, strabismus (divergent), horizontal diplopia, mydriasis

Question 3

causes of oculomotor palsy

Answer 3

inside brainstem:
- nucular palsies (alcoholics, undernourishment, weight loss surgery, AIDS, ethanol intoxication)

• extranucular palsies (vascular cause: DM, neurosyphillis)
• other (Wernicke’s encephalopathy, demyalinative and inflammatory lesions, tumors, cerebral hemorrhage )

outside brainstem:
- aneurysm (PCA, post. commun. art., post-sup cerebellar art), infections, inflammations, neoplasm

Question 4

what could a cavernous sinus thrombosis cause on ocular level?

Answer 4

complete ophtalmoplegia, chemosis, eye pain

Question 5

which eye movements are possible by the trochlear nerve?

what type of nerve is IV nerve?

Answer 5

is a pure motor nerve, has long pathway and easily injured by trauma and intracranial HTN

downward gaze and abuction of eye

Question 6

complication of trochlear palsy

Answer 6

upward gaze and adduction, vertical diplopia

Question 7

causes of trochlear palsy

Answer 7

ischemic nuclear lesion
congenital paralysis
inflammatory lesions and tumors
meningitis
cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 8

which eye movements are possible by the abducens nerve?

what type of nerve is VI nerve?

Answer 8

is a pure motor nerve

abduction of the eye

Question 9

complications of abducens nerve palsy

Answer 9

convergent strabismus
cant do abduction
horizontal diplopia

Question 10

causes of abducens palsy

Answer 10

inside brainstem: vascular causes

outside brainstem: trauma, infections, inflammations, neoplasm, intracranial HTN