Exam 3 Flashcards
it takes three factors or parameters for an infectious disease to establish
disease triangle
what are the 3 components of the disease triangle?
- susceptible host
- environmental factors
- etiologic (causative) infectious agent
an organism that harbors another organism
host
A symbiotic relationship between individuals of different species in which both individuals benefit from the association.
Mutualism
is the close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species
symbiosis
you and the microbe that lives with you
symbionts
A form of symbiosis between two organisms of different species in which one of them benefits from the association whereas the other is largely unaffected or not significantly harmed or benefiting from the relationship.
commensalism
An organism that obtains nourishment and shelter on another organism.
parasite
A form of symbiosis in which one organism (called parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism usually of different species (called host). The association may also lead to the injury of the host.
parasitism
The soiling or pollution by inferior material, as by the introduction of organisms/microbe into a wound or sewage into a stream.
contamination
takes place when microbes begin to multiply, invade, and colonize within or upon the host body
infection
a disturbance in the state of health where in the body cannot carry out its normal function
disease
vary in their abilities to disrupt state of health on an individual
pathogen
An agent causing disease or illness to its host, such as an organism or infectious particle capable of producing a disease in another organism.
pathogen
capacity to produce disease, relative ability of a pathogen to overcome defenses and cause disease
pathogencity
The degree or ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease.
virulence
rapid transfer of the pathogen through animals of the same species increases virulence of pathogens
animal passage definition
every time a pathogen goes from one organism to another it becomes more severe
animal passage
organisms that live in or on the body but do not cause disease
normal flora/ indigenous microbiota
an adult human body contains 10 trillion eukaryotic cells, you harbor an additional 100 trillion prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells on skin surfaces, mucus membrane, in the passage ways of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems.
normal flora or indigenous microbiota
obtain nutrients from host secretions
commensals
comprise microbes that are always present on or in the human body
resident microbiota
only present in certain conditions, persists for hours, weeks, and months but not there externally.
*found in local regions
transient microbiota
How do you acquire 100 trillion cells?
- it doesn’t start at 100 trillion, fetus exists as entity
* during passage through birth canal fetus acquires microbes that will be temporary or permanent
some species don’t cause disease, however under other conditions that can be a problem
among resident microbia
do not usually cause disease but can do so under certain conditions
opportunists
An infectious microorganism that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause disease when the host’s resistance is low.
opportunistic pathogen
Example of opportunistic pathogen
AIDs will develop pneumocystis pneumonia
caused by any factor other than infectious organisms
noninfectious disease
caused by infectious agents such as protozoa, fungi,
infectious disease
The classification of noninfectious diseases include?
- inherited diseases
- congenital diseases
- degenerative diseases
- nutritional deficiency disease
- endocrine disease
- mental disease
- immunological disease
- neoplastic
- iatrogenic disease
- idiopathic disease
Caused by errors in genetic information
Inherited diseases
Structural or functional defects that are present at birth
Congenital disease
Example of congenital disease.
- excessive x-ray exposure
* drugs
Develop in one or more body systems/parts as you age
Degenerative diseases
Example of degenerative diseases.
- pollio
* bacterial endocarditis
After effect of a disease even after virus is long gone
Sequelae
Example of sequelae.
*bacterial endocarditis
when you don’t eat well, have chronic malnutrition you are more prone to infectious diseases
Nutritional deficiency disease
Excess or deficiency of hormones
Endocrine disease
Example of endocrine disease.
*infection of pancreas can cause you to become diabetic
Caused by variety of factors
Mental disease
Example of mental disorders
*bipolar disorder
Caused by malfunctions of immune systems
Immunological disease
Example of immunological disease.
- allergies
* autoimmune disease
Involve abnormal cell growth that lead to the formation to various types of tumors
Neoplastic disease
Caused by medical procedures or treatments
Iatrogenic diseases
Example of iatrogenic disease.
- drug reactions, infections acquired from hospital treatments
- nosocomial disease
Diseases whose cause is unknown
Idiopathic disease
Example of idiopathic disease
Fibromyalgia
Characteristics of disease that can be observed by examine the patient
Sign
Examples of sign
Swelling, redness, coughing
Characteristics of disease that can be observed or felt only by the patient
Symptom