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Neuroanatomy > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

this structure involved in earliest loss of alzheimer’s disease…memory loss

A

entorhinal cortex

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2
Q

blood supply to hypothalamus and anterior thalamus

A

circle of willis

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2
Q

efferent pathway of HF

A

CA1 - subiculum - alveus/fimbria/fornix - precommissural (to septal nuclei, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens) or postcommisural (to medial mammillary nucleus of hypothalamus)

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3
Q

cortical structures that form the limbic lobe (grand lobe limbique)

A

subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus and isthmus of cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus (and hippocampal formation),uncus

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4
Q

visceral and motor responses of limbic system

A

homeostatic functions, olfaction, memory, emotion and drives (also reproduction, defense)

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4
Q

input to the septal area

A

hippocampus and amygdala

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5
Q

output of septal nuclei to the habenular nuclei via this

A

medullary stria thalamus

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6
Q

this output of septal area enables limbic system to influence visceral responses to emotion events

A

medullary stria

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7
Q

blood supply to hippocampal formation, amygdala, stria terminalis

A

anterior choroidal

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8
Q

3 primary regions of hippocampal formation

A

dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, subiculum

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8
Q

plays key role in temporal lobe memory system, declarative memory

A

hippocampus

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8
Q

where are neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzhemier disease?

A

subiculum and entorhinal cortex

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9
Q

major efferent connections from hippocampus travel via this

A

subiculum

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10
Q

refers to major structures of limbic system

A

medial temporal lobe

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11
Q

CA3 projects to CA1 pyramidal cells via these (connect CA3 to CA1); what does this allow?

A

Schaffer collaterals; long-term potentiation

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11
Q

these help hippocampus ‘map’ the environment…take visual/olfactory/motor sensations to build memory (creates context)

A

place cells

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12
Q

afferent hippocampal circuitry (*perforant pathway*)

A

entorhinal - granule of Dentate gyrus - dendrites pyramidal CA3 - fornix or CA1 pyramidal cells - fornix

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13
Q

where is working memory located?

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

synaptic layer of hippocampal formation

A

molecular

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15
Q

primary neuron in dentate gyrus

A

granule cell

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16
Q

CA1 pyramidal cells leave hippocampus via this

A

fornix

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17
Q

majority of symptoms seen in Kluver Bucy syndrome are due to damage/removal of this

A

amygdala

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19
Q

subcortical nuclei included in limbic system

A

septal, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic, thalamic, habenular

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19
Q

NT for projections from septal nuclei/nucleus accumbens to HF

A

Ach

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20
Q

how many layers does paleocortex have? where is this found?

A

3-5; entorhinal and piriform

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20
Q

where is hippocamapal formation found?

A

medial wall inferior horn LV

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21
Q

afferent connections with entorhinal cortex via this (across hippocampal sulcus)

A

perforant pathway

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21
Q

this generates freezing/avoidance behavior in stress response

A

PAG

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21
Q

outputs of septal region

A

habenular nuclei, midbrain tegmentum, hippocampus

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21
Q

septal region projects to the midbrain tegmentum via this

A

MFB

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22
Q

where does subiculum project (after innervation by CA 1-3, from dentate fibers)?

A

entorhinal cortex and alveus/fimbira/fornix

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23
Q

blood supply to subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus and isthmus

A

ACA (cingulate/isthmus from pericallosal br.)

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23
Q

efferent fibers of granule cell layer in dentate gyrus; where do these project?

A

mossy fibers; CA 1-3 (which projects to subiculum)

24
Q

broadmann’s area for entorhinal cortex

A

28 (5 layer cortex)

25
Q

what NT is found in ventral tegmental area? where is this VTA found?

A

dopamine; interpeduncular fossa

26
Q

amygdala projects to septal area via these pathways

A

stria terminalis and VAFP

27
Q

subcortical tracts that are part of the limbic system

A

amygdaloid complex, substantia innominata, ventral tegmental area, PAG, prefrontal cortex, afferent fiber bundles

28
Q

no longer show fear or anger (sign of Kluver Bucy syndrome)

A

placidity

29
Q

symptom of Kluver Bucy syndrome…compulsion to explore immediate environment

A

hypermetamorphosis

30
Q

where do CA3 pyramidal cells project?

A

leave via fornix or CA! pyramidal cells (via Shaffer collaterals)

32
Q

bilateral destruction of temporal lobes (amygdala) leads to this

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome

33
Q

output of accumbens nucleus

A

ventral pallidum and MD thalamus

34
Q

this output of septal area associated with experiencing pleasure or reward

A

MFB

35
Q

where does ventral amygdalofugal pathway project from?

A

basolateral group and central nucleus of corticomedial group

37
Q

what layer of neocortex is pyramidal layer of hippocampal cortex continuous with?

A

layer 5

38
Q

Papez circuit

A

HF - fornix - MB - MTT - anterior nuc. thalamus - thalamocingulate radiation - cingulum - association cortex - entorhinal cortex

39
Q

afferent fiber bundles that are part of limbic system

A

fornix, stria terminalis, VAFP, MMTT

40
Q

amygdala projects to this through substantia innominata for stimulation of cortex for arousal and alterness

A

basal nucleus

42
Q

white matter tract from subiculum and hippocampaus…leads into fimbria, which is beginning of fornix

A

alveus

44
Q

NT for septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens

A

Ach

45
Q

damage of ‘what’ pathway in Kluver Bucy syndrome will cause this

A

psychic blindness

46
Q

chief output nucleus of amygdala; what is major input to this group?

A

central; hypothalamus and brainstem

47
Q

what layer of neocortex is polymorphic layer of hippocampal cortex continuous with?

A

layer 6

48
Q

outputs of papez circuit

A

neocortex and RF (influencing autonomic function)

49
Q

this part of limbic system is involved in euphoria with cocaine and amphetamine use (act on dopamine from VTA, dopamine uptake, increase release), also mechanism of reward

A

nucleus accumbens

50
Q

amygdala projects here to get info to cortex for perception of emotion

A

mediodorsal thalamus

51
Q

where does stria terminalis project from amygdala?

A

basal nucleus, accumbens nucleus (motivated behavior), septal nuclei (motivated behavior), anterior hypothalamus

53
Q

layer of hippocampal cortex that is susceptible to ischemia

A

pyramidal

54
Q

layers of hippocampal cortex

A

molecular, pyramidal, polymorphic

55
Q

what is major input to corticomedial group in amygdala?

A

olfactory piriform cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus

56
Q

this is involved in *Sommer’s sector*…vulnerable to anoxia (near drowning, MI), difficulty learning new skills, related to epilepsy

A

CA-1 subiculum interface

57
Q

inputs to nucleus accumbens

A

amygdala, HF, ACC, bed nucleus of stria terminalis

59
Q

receptors related to long-term potentiation

A

NMDA-type glutamate

60
Q

what kind of info does perforant pathway

A

highly processed cortical info

62
Q

two areas that HF projects to….postocmmisural column; precommisural column

A

mammillary nuclei and thalamic nuclei; septal nuclei, preoptic/periventricular area (hypothalamus), nucleus accumbens

63
Q

nuclei in thalamus involved in limbic system

A

anterior and DM nuclei

65
Q

where do basolateral group and corticomedial group of amygdala project?

A

central group

66
Q

where do efferent projections from amygdala travel through to get to the mediodorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal nucleus?

A

substantia innominata

67
Q

how many layers does neocortex have? where is this found?

A

6; primary sensory, motor, association cortex

69
Q

fiber bundle formed from alveus and continuous with fornix

A

fimbria

70
Q

primary neuron in hippocampus and subiculum

A

pyramidal

72
Q

basis for memory…long-term synaptic efficacy/stimulation (first seen in Schaffer collaterals)

A

long term potentiation

73
Q

blood supply to parahippocampal gyrus (what branch?) and uncus (what branch)?

A

PCA (temporal br, mostly uncal br. of MCA)

74
Q

entorhinal cortex receives majority of afferents to HF from these brodmann areas

A

19, 22, 7

75
Q

most afferent fibers of limbic system terminate here; where do these cells then project?

A

granule cells dentate gyrus; dendrites pyramidal cells CA3 (via mossy fibers)

76
Q

transitional to 6 layered neocortex in hippocampal formation…continuous with parahippocampal formation

A

subiculum

77
Q

how many layers does archicortex have? where is it found?

A

3; dentate gyrus and hippocampus

78
Q

septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens receive big input from this structure for award center

A

ventral tegmental tract (dopamine)

79
Q

major group in amygdala in humans; what is input here?

A

basolateral; orbital and prefrontal cortex, thalamus, insular and parahippocampus cortices

80
Q

lesion of hippocampus will cause this (or really most things in Papez circuit)

A

anterograde amnesia

81
Q

inputs to papez circuit

A

neocortex, thalamus, septal areas, raphe nuclei, VTA, catecholaminergic RF

82
Q

damage to these structures seen in Korsakoff syndrome

A

mammillary bodies, DM thalamus, fornix

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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