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Anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Origin: Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa

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2
Q

Insertion: Iliacus

A

Lesser trochanter

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3
Q

Innervation: Iliacus

A

Femoral nerve

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4
Q

Action: Iliacus

A

Flexes hip

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5
Q

Origin: Psoas Major

A
  1. Bodies of lumbar vertebrae
  2. Lumbar intervertebral discs
  3. Lumbar transverse processes
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6
Q

Insertion: Psoas Major

A

Lesser trochanter (with iliacus muscle)

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7
Q

Innervation: Psoas Major

A

Ventral rami

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8
Q

Action: Psoas Major

A

Flexes hip

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9
Q

Origin: Psoas Minor

A

With highest fibers of psoas major

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10
Q

Insertion: Psoas Minor

A

Area on pectineal line

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11
Q

Innervation: Psoas Minor

A

Ventral rami

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12
Q

Action: Psoas Minor

A

Posterior pelvic tilt

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13
Q

Notes: Psoas Minor

A

Present only ~50% of the time

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14
Q

Origin: Sartorius

A

ASIS

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15
Q

Insertion: Sartorius

A

Upper medial surface of tibia (part of pes anserinus)

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16
Q

Innervation: Sartorius

A

Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Action: Sartorius

A
  1. Flexes hip
  2. External rotation of hip
  3. Flexes knee
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18
Q

Notes: Sartorius

A

Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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19
Q

Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris

A
  1. AIIS (straight tendon)

2. Ilium above acetabulum (reflected tendon)

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20
Q

Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris

A

Common tendon into the upper border of the patella

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21
Q

Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris

A

Femoral nerve

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22
Q

Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris

A
  1. Extends knee

2. Flexes hip

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23
Q

Notes: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris

A

Quads act as unit for knee extension. Cannot isolate or strengthen individually

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24
Q

Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis

A
  1. Lateral lip of linea aspera

2. Lateral intermuscular septum

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25
Q

Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis

A

Common tendon into the upper border of the patella

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26
Q

Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis

A

Femoral nerve

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27
Q

Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis

A

Extends knee

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28
Q

Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis

A
  1. Lower anterior part of intertrochanteric line

2. Medial lip of linea aspera

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29
Q

Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis

A

Common tendon into the upper border of the patella

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30
Q

Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis

A

Femoral nerve

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31
Q

Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis

A

Extends knee

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32
Q

Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius

A

Anterior and lateral surface of body of femur

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33
Q

Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius

A

Common tendon into the upper border of the patella

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34
Q

Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius

A

Femoral nerve

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35
Q

Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius

A

Extends knee

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36
Q

Origin: Articularis Genu

A

Distal femur

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37
Q

Insertion: Articularis Genu

A

Knee joint capsule

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38
Q

Innervation: Articularis Genu

A

Femoral nerve

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39
Q

Action: Articularis Genu

A

Pulls joint capsule upward during knee extension

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40
Q

Origin: Pectineus

A

Pectineal line of pubis

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41
Q

Insertion: Pectineus

A

Below lesser trochanter

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42
Q

Innervation: Pectineus

A
  1. Femoral nerve
  2. Obturator nerve
  3. Or both nerves
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43
Q

Action: Pectineus

A
  1. Flexes hip

2. Adducts hip

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44
Q

Origin: Adductor Brevis

A
  1. Body of pubis

2. Inferior ramus of pubis

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45
Q

Insertion: Adductor Brevis

A

Upper part of linea aspera, medial lip

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46
Q

Innervation: Adductor Brevis

A

Obturator nerve

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47
Q

Action: Adductor Brevis

A
  1. Flexes hip

2. Adducts hip

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48
Q

Origin: Obturator Externus

A

External surface of obturator membrane

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49
Q

Insertion: Obturator Externus

A

Trochanteric fossa

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50
Q

Innervation: Obturator Externus

A

Obturator nerve

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51
Q

Action: Obturator Externus

A

External rotation of hip

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52
Q

Notes: Obturator Externus

A

Can see muscle belly deep to pectineus and can see tendon in gluteal area deep to Obturator internus

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53
Q

Origin: Gracilis

A
  1. Body of pubis

2. Inferior ramus of pubis

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54
Q

Insertion: Gracilis

A

Tibia, below medial condyle (pes anserinus)

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55
Q

Innervation: Gracilis

A

Obturator nerve

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56
Q

Action: Gracilis

A
  1. Adducts hip
  2. Flexes hip
  3. Flexes knee
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57
Q

Notes: Gracilis

A

Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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58
Q

Origin: Adductor Longus

A

Body of pubis

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59
Q

Insertion: Adductor Longus

A

Linea aspera, medial lip

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60
Q

Innervation: Adductor Longus

A

Obturator nerve

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61
Q

Action: Adductor Longus

A
  1. Adducts hip

2. Flexes hip

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62
Q

Origin: Adductor Magnus

A
  1. Inferior ramus of pubis
  2. Ischium
  3. Ischial tuberosity
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63
Q

Insertion: Adductor Magnus

A
  1. Medial lip of linea aspera

2. Adductor tubercle

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64
Q

Innervation: Adductor Magnus

A
  1. Obturator nerve to portion from ischiopubic ramus

2. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve to portion from ischial tuberosity

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65
Q

Action:Adductor Magnus

A
  1. Adducts hip
  2. Flexes hip
  3. Ischial fibers can help to extend hip
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66
Q

Origin: Tibialis Anterior

A

Upper 2/3 tibia

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67
Q

Insertion: Tibialis Anterior

A
  1. Medial cuneiform

2. Base of 1st metatarsal

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68
Q

Innervation: Tibialis Anterior

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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69
Q

Action: Tibialis Anterior

A
  1. Ankle dorsiflexion

2. Forefoot inversion

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70
Q

Notes: Tibialis Anterior

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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71
Q

Origin: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A
  1. Lower fibula

2. Interosseous membrane

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72
Q

Insertion: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of hallux

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73
Q

Innervation: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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74
Q

Action: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A
  1. Ankle dorsiflexion

2. Extends hallux

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75
Q

Notes: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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76
Q

Origin: Extensor Digitorum Longus

A
  1. Lateral condyle of tibia
  2. Upper fibula
  3. Interosseous membrane
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77
Q

Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes

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78
Q

Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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79
Q

Action: Extensor Digitorum Longus

A
  1. Extends toes
  2. Ankle dorsiflexion
  3. Forefoot eversion
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80
Q

Notes: Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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81
Q

Origin: Peroneus Tertius

A

Continues with extensor digitorum longus

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82
Q

Insertion: Peroneus Tertius

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

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83
Q

Innervation: Peroneus Tertius

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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84
Q

Action: Peroneus Tertius

A
  1. Ankle dorsiflexion

2. Forefoot eversion

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85
Q

Notes: Peroneus Tertius

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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86
Q

Origin: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Calcaneus

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87
Q

Insertion: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Proximal phalanx of hallux

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88
Q

Innervation: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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89
Q

Action: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of hallux

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90
Q

Origin: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Calcaneus

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91
Q

Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Proximal phalanx of lateral 3-4 toes

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92
Q

Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Deep peroneal nerve

93
Q

Action: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of lateral 4 toes

94
Q

Origin: Peroneus Longus

A
  1. Head of fibula

2. Upper fibula

95
Q

Insertion: Peroneus Longus

A
  1. Medial cuneiform

2. Base of 1st metatarsal

96
Q

Innervation: Peroneus Longus

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

97
Q

Action: Peroneus Longus

A
  1. Forefoot eversion

2. Ankle plantar flexion

98
Q

Notes: Peroneus Longus

A

Lateral compartment of leg

99
Q

Origin: Peroneus Brevis

A

Lower fibula

100
Q

Insertion: Peroneus Brevis

A

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

101
Q

Innervation: Peroneus Brevis

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

102
Q

Action: Peroneus Brevis

A
  1. Ankle eversion

2. Ankle plantar flexion

103
Q

Notes: Peroneus Brevis

A

Lateral compartment of leg

104
Q

Origin: Gluteus Maximus

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx
  4. Sacrotuberous ligament
105
Q

Insertion: Gluteus Maximus

A
  1. Upper half of the muscle and the superficial fibers of the lower half insert into the iliotibial band
  2. Deep fibers of the lower part insert into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
106
Q

Innervation: Gluteus Maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

107
Q

Action: Gluteus Maximus

A

Hip extension, external rotation

108
Q

Origin: Gluteus Medius

A
  1. Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

2. Overlying deep fascia

109
Q

Insertion: Gluteus Medius

A

Greater trochanter

110
Q

Innervation: Gluteus Medius

A

Superior gluteal nerve

111
Q

Action: Gluteus Medius

A
  1. Hip abduction
  2. Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers)
  3. Hip external rotation (posterior fibers)
112
Q

Notes: Gluteus Medius

A

Post, Ant, and Inf Gluteal Lines are lines on ilium that demarcate the attachments of the gluteal muscles. Inf glut line from btwn ASIS and AIIS to greater sciatic notch; Ant glut line from iliac crest just posterior to ASIS to greater sciatic notch; Post glut line from iliac crest near PSIS to greater sciatic notch near PIIS.

113
Q

Origin: Gluteus Minimus

A

Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

114
Q

Insertion: Gluteus Minimus

A

Anterior border of greater trochanter

115
Q

Innervation: Gluteus Minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

116
Q

Action: Gluteus Minimus

A
  1. Hip abduction

2. Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers)

117
Q

Origin: Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  1. Anterior part of iliac crest

2. ASIS

118
Q

Insertion: Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  1. Iliotibial tract which attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on tibia
  2. Patellar retinaculum
119
Q

Innervation: Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Superior gluteal nerve

120
Q

Action: Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  1. Hip flexion

2. Extends knee

121
Q

Origin: Piriformis

A

Pelvic surface of sacrum

122
Q

Insertion: Piriformis

A

Greater trochanter

123
Q

Innervation: Piriformis

A

S1 and S2 in pelvis

124
Q

Action: Piriformis

A

Hip external rotation

125
Q

Origin: Obturator Internus

A
  1. Pelvic surface of obturator membrane

2. Bone around foramen

126
Q

Insertion: Obturator Internus

A

Greater trochanter

127
Q

Innervation: Obturator Internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

128
Q

Action: Obturator Internus

A

Hip external rotation

Tendon passes through lesser sciatic foramen

129
Q

Origin: Superior Gemelli

A

Ischial spine

130
Q

Insertion: Superior Gemelli

A

Tendon of obturator internus

131
Q

Innervation: Superior Gemelli

A

Nerve to superior gemellus and obturator internus

132
Q

Action: Superior Gemelli

A

Hip external rotation

133
Q

Origin: Inferior Gemelli

A

Ischial tuberosity

134
Q

Insertion: Inferior Gemelli

A

Tendon of obturator internus

135
Q

Innervation: Inferior Gemelli

A

Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

136
Q

Action: Inferior Gemelli

A

Hip external rotation

137
Q

Origin: Quadratus Femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

138
Q

Insertion: Quadratus Femoris

A

Femur on line vertically distal to intertrochanteric crest

139
Q

Innervation: Quadratus Femoris

A

Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

140
Q

Action: Quadratus Femoris

A

Hip external rotation

141
Q

Origin: Biceps Femoris

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera

142
Q

Insertion: Biceps Femoris

A
  1. Head of fibula

2. Lateral tibial condyle

143
Q

Innervation: Biceps Femoris

A

Long head: tibial part of sciatic nerve

Short head: common peroneal part of sciatic nerve

144
Q

Action: Biceps Femoris

A
  1. Extends hip
  2. Flexes knee
  3. Strongly externally rotates leg and hip
145
Q

Origin: Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

146
Q

Insertion: Semitendinosus

A

Medial tibia, posterior to sartorius and gracilis

147
Q

Innervation: Semitendinosus

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

148
Q

Action: Semitendinosus

A
  1. Extends hip
  2. Flexes knee
  3. Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip
149
Q

Notes: Semitendinosus

A

Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Upper half is fleshy

150
Q

Origin: Semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

151
Q

Insertion: Semimembranosus

A

Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle

152
Q

Innervation: Semimembranosus

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

153
Q

Action: Semimembranosus

A
  1. Extends hip
  2. Flexes knee
  3. Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip
154
Q

Notes: Semimembranosus

A

Upper half is long, flat tendon
Deep to semitendinosus
Insertion has heavy lateral expansion forming oblique popliteal ligament

155
Q

Origin: Gastrocnemius

A
  1. Medial head to medial femoral condyle

2. Lateral head to lateral femoral condyle

156
Q

Insertion: Gastrocnemius

A

Calcaneus via tendocalcaneus

157
Q

Innervation: Gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve

158
Q

Action: Gastrocnemius

A
  1. Plantar flexion

2. Knee flexion

159
Q

Notes: Gastrocnemius

A

Posterior compartment of leg

160
Q

Origin: Plantaris

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

161
Q

Insertion: Plantaris

A

Tendocalcaneus via ribbon-like tendon

162
Q

Innervation: Plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

163
Q

Action: Plantaris

A
  1. Very weak plantar flexion

2. Knee flexion

164
Q

Notes: Plantaris

A

Posterior compartment of leg

165
Q

Origin: Soleus

A
  1. Upper fibula
  2. Soleal line
  3. Middle tibia
166
Q

Insertion: Soleus

A

Tendocalcaneus

167
Q

Innervation: Soleus

A

Tibial nerve

168
Q

Action: Soleus

A

Plantar flexion

169
Q

Notes: Soleus

A

Posterior compartment of leg

170
Q

Origin: Popliteus

A

Lateral condyle

171
Q

Insertion: Popliteus

A

Posterior tibia above soleal line

172
Q

Innervation: Popliteus

A

Tibial nerve

173
Q

Action: Popliteus

A
  1. Flexes knee

2. Unlocks knee from tibial extension

174
Q

Notes: Popliteus

A

Deep muscle of posterior leg
In open chain knee unlocks by medial rotation of tibia on femur
In closed chain knee unlocks by lateral rotation of femur on tibia

175
Q

Origin: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Middle, posterior fibula

176
Q

Insertion: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

177
Q

Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Tibial nerve

178
Q

Action: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A
  1. Flexion of great toe

2. Plantar flexion

179
Q

Notes: Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Deep muscle of posterior leg (most lateral)

Tendon groove in posterior talus and calcaneus

180
Q

Origin: Tibialis Posterior

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Fibula
  3. Interosseous membrane
181
Q

Insertion: Tibialis Posterior

A
  1. Navicular tuberosity
  2. Broad tendon to
    a. all cuneiforms
    b. cuboid
    c. 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
182
Q

Innervation: Tibialis Posterior

A

Tibial nerve

183
Q

Action: Tibialis Posterior

A
  1. Principal forefoot inverter

2. Plantar flexion

184
Q

Notes: Tibialis Posterior

A

Deep muscle of posterior leg (in the middle)

185
Q

Origin: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Middle tibia

186
Q

Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Distal phalanx of four lateral toes

187
Q

Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Tibial nerve

188
Q

Action: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A
  1. Flexes lateral four toes
  2. Weak plantar flexion
  3. Forefoot inversion
189
Q

Notes: Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Deep muscle of posterior leg (most medial)

190
Q

Origin: Abductor Hallucis

A

Calcaneus

191
Q

Insertion: Abductor Hallucis

A

Proximal phalanx of hallux

192
Q

Innervation: Abductor Hallucis

A

Medial plantar nerve

193
Q

Action: Abductor Hallucis

A

Abduction of hallux

194
Q

Notes: Abductor Hallucis

A

First layer

Medial plantar nerve and artery appear between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis

195
Q

Origin: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Calcaneus

196
Q

Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Middle phalanx of toes 2-5

197
Q

Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve

198
Q

Action: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Flexes middle digit

199
Q

Notes: Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

First layer

Lateral plantar nerve and artery cross deep to flexor digitorum brevis to go to lateral side

200
Q

Origin: Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Calcaneus

201
Q

Insertion: Abductor Digiti Minimi

A
  1. Proximal phalanx of 5th toe

2. Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

202
Q

Innervation: Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Lateral plantar nerve

203
Q

Action: Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

5th digit abduction

204
Q

Notes: Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

First layer

205
Q

Origin: Quadratus Plantae

A

Calcaneus

206
Q

Insertion: Quadratus Plantae

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

207
Q

Innervation: Quadratus Plantae

A

Lateral plantar nerve

208
Q

Action: Quadratus Plantae

A

Corrects pull of flexor digitorum longus

209
Q

Notes: Quadratus Plantae

A

Second layer

210
Q

Origin: Lumbricals

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

211
Q

Insertion: Lumbricals

A

Medial side, 4 lateral toes dorsal digital expansion

212
Q

Innervation: Lumbricals

A
  1. Medial plantar nerve to 1st

2. Lateral plantar nerve to 2nd, 3rd, 4th

213
Q

Action: Lumbricals

A

Flexion of MTP joints

214
Q

Notes: Lumbricals

A

Second layer

215
Q

Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve

216
Q

Action: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Flexes hallux

217
Q

Notes: Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Third layer

2 sesamoid bones in tendon at MTP joint

218
Q

Innervation: Adductor Hallucis

A

Lateral plantar nerve

219
Q

Action: Adductor Hallucis

A

Adducts hallux

220
Q

Notes: Adductor Hallucis

A

Third layer

221
Q

Innervation: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Lateral plantar nerve

222
Q

Action: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Flexes 5th digit

223
Q

Notes: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Third layer

224
Q

Innervation: Plantar Interossei

A

Lateral plantar nerve

225
Q

Action: Plantar Interossei

A

Adduction of lateral 3 digits

226
Q

Notes: Plantar Interossei

A

Fourth layer

3 adductors of lateral 3 toes

227
Q

Innervation: Dorsal Interossei

A

Lateral plantar nerve

228
Q

Action: Dorsal Interossei

A

Abduction of 3 digits (second toe to either side and ABD of toes 3 and 4)

229
Q

Notes: Dorsal Interossei

A

Fourth layer

4 abductors muscles:
2 to 2nd toe, 1 to 3rd and 1 to 4th toes
Axis of foot is 2nd toe
Arise from adjacent metatarsals

Anatomy (7 decks)

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