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Anatomy > Anatomical Orientation > Flashcards

Anatomical Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal anatomical position

A

=reference point for all movements

  • standing, face forward, feet forward, palms forward
  • planes of movement are oriented at 90 degrees to the axis of movement
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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A
  • anterior/posterior direction
  • movement around a mediolateral axis
    eg: should flexion/extension
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3
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A
  • left to right direction
  • movement around an anterioposterior axis
    eg: should ab/adduction
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4
Q

Transverse (horizontal plane)

A
  • movement around a vertical or longitudinal axis

eg: shoulder internal/external rotation

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5
Q

Anterior

A

front or ventral

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6
Q

Posterior

A

back or dorsal

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7
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline

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8
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

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9
Q

Superior

A

cranial

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10
Q

Inferior

A

caudal

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11
Q

Cranial

A

toward the head (usually used more in relation to brain anatomy)

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12
Q

Caudal

A

toward the tail (usually used more in relation to brain anatomy)

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13
Q

Proximal

A

close to the trunk or origin

eg: shoulder is proximal to elbow

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14
Q

Distal

A

further away from origin

eg: hand is distal to elbow

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15
Q

Central

A

towards the center

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16
Q

Peripheral

A

away from the center

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17
Q

Superficial

A

close to the surface

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18
Q

Deep

A

close to the center

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19
Q

Internal

A

inside, deep

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20
Q

External

A

outside, superficial

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21
Q

Intrinsic

A

contained within an area

eg: intrinsic hand muscles are contained in hand (origin and insertion)

22
Q

Extrinsic

A

originating from outside the area it’s found in

23
Q

Dorsum

A

top of foot

24
Q

Plantar

A

sole of foot

25
Q

Anterior (hand)

A

volar, palmar

26
Q

Posterior (hand)

A

dorsum

27
Q

Supine

A

backl ying, tummy up

28
Q

Prone

A

face lying, back up

29
Q

Flexion

A

decreases joint angle in the sagittal plane
special kinds:
-dorsiflexion: flex
-plantar flextion: pointe

30
Q

Extension

A

increases joint angle in the sagittal plane

31
Q

Abduction

A

body part moved away from the midline of the body in a lateral direction

32
Q

Adduction

A

body part moved toward the midline of the body, in a medial direction

33
Q

Rotation

A

movement of a body part around its own axis

  • internal (aka medial)
  • external (aka lateral)
34
Q

Supination and Pronation

A

special kinds of rotation in the forearm:

  • supination: palm of hand facing anteriorly
  • pronation: palm of hand facing posteriorly
35
Q

Circumduction

A

circular, conelike movement of a body segment; a composite movement
-happens in thumb, hip, shoulder

36
Q

Inversion

A

movement of sole of foot inward or medially; sickle

37
Q

Eversion

A

movement of sole of foot outward or laterally; roll in

38
Q

Protraction/retraction

A

scapular movement - gliding on body wall

39
Q

Elevation/depression

A

scapular movement - up and down

40
Q

Upward and downward rotation

A

scapular movment - follows the acromion

41
Q

Accessory movements

A

=a component of the physiologic movement at a joint that cannot be performed voluntarily in isolation
eg: downward glide of humerus during flexion and/or abduction of shoulder or roation of MCP joint with grasp

42
Q

What are the two ways to classify joints?

A

by movement and by structure

43
Q

What are articulations?

A

a place of union between two or more bones; joints

44
Q

Classifying by movement, what are immoveable joints called?

A

Synarthroses

45
Q

Classifying by movement, what are slightly moveable joints called?

A

Amphiarthroses

46
Q

Classifying by movement, what are freely moveablejoints called?

A

Diarthroses (have several subtypes)

47
Q

What are the classes of joints (by structure)?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

48
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

dense regular connective tissue connects bones
no joint cavity
very little movement
eg: where teeth attach

49
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

cartilage binds the bones together

no joint cavity

50
Q

Synovial Joints

A

ligaments support articulating bones
includes a joint cavity
eg: knee, hip

51
Q

Degree of freedom (as it applies to joints)

A

Each degree of freedom indicates a plane of movement

1 degree - moves in one plane, etc

Anatomy (7 decks)

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