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Gen Psychology > Test #4 > Flashcards

Test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you know when someone is experiencing an emotion?

A

Connect their body to their mind

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2
Q

3 parts of emotional experience:

A
  1. Internal physicals reactions
  2. Outward physical reactions
  3. Psychological labeling of the physical feelings
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3
Q

Heart beating, butterflies in stomach

A

Internal physical reactions

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4
Q

Voice quivers, muscles tense, smile

A

Outward physical reactions

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5
Q

“I am sad, happy, etc..”

A

Psychological labeling of physical feelings

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6
Q

Physical reactions are controlled by:

A

The autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic – fight or flight
(Parasympathetic – brings you back down)

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7
Q

The first indication that thinking is taking place

A

Primary cognitive appraisal

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8
Q

Thought has to be involved in emotional process.

Give examples:

A

Ex:
After class you start walking toward the union.
A piece of paper blows by, no one is afraid.
However if a big ass dog popped out of nowhere, growling with teeth out, you become scared.

Paper - neutral stimulus
Dog - an emotion

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9
Q

Emotions are hard wired into us, which means they come from nature.

A

Nurture, however, is what “sets off” your emotions

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10
Q

Formulating a plan that you can act on.

A

Secondary cognitive appraisal

How do we deal with this?

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11
Q

Saying “man I was afraid!”

A

Labeling

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12
Q

4 ways stress can be harmful

A
  1. Prolonged (long / can’t escape)
  2. No control over the situation
  3. Unpredictable
  4. Pressure (not enough time to get it all done)
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13
Q

2 main sources of stress

A
  1. Frustration

2. Conflict

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14
Q

Results when something prevents you from reaching your goal

Ex:

A

Frustration

Ex:
External - traffic / road rage
Personal - you 5ft. but want to be in the NBA

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15
Q

The first response to frustration

Ex:

A

Persistence

Ex:
Locked out?

Check every key or get into house, eventually you kick in the door or window

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16
Q

You can’t get directly at the source of frustration so take it out on the wrong people

A

Displaced aggression

Ex:
Can’t punch your boss, so you beat your kid or the dog instead

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17
Q

Formulating a plan that you can act on.

A

Secondary cognitive appraisal

How do we deal with this?

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18
Q

Saying “man I was afraid!”

A

Labeling

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19
Q

4 ways stress can be harmful

A
  1. Prolonged (long / can’t escape)
  2. No control over the situation
  3. Unpredictable
  4. Pressure (not enough time to get it all done)
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20
Q

Stress Example:

There are 3 groups of rats.
group 1 - given a painful shock
group 2 - sounds buzzer – shock
group 3 - hear sound - - no shock

Which group developed ulcers?

A

Group 1 because they could not prepare for the shock

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21
Q

Have to choose between incompatible demands and goals

A

Conflict

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22
Q

4 classic conflict situations:

A
  1. Approach - approach
  2. Avoidance - avoidance
  3. Approach - avoidance
  4. Double approach - avoidance
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23
Q

Have two things you wanna do at the same time

A

Approach - approach

Ex:
Go to football game OR school dance

(Have to give something up)

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24
Q

Have two things that are bad and one ‘must’ happen

A

Avoidance - avoidance

Ex:
Abortion OR born child
Go to war OR be a deserter

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25
Q

Something that has both positive and negative qualities

A

Approach - avoidance

Ex:
Great paying work but you have to travel
(Working with Charlie in Pittsburgh)

•attracted to and repelled by it at the same time

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26
Q

You have two choices, both have (+) and (-) attributes

A

Double approach - avoidance

Ex: 
Pick 1 (/2) presidents to vote for 
Pick 1 (/2) bf / gf (Steve lol)
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27
Q

When stress starts out psychological but ends up being physical

(Truly DO have physical symptoms)

A

Psychosomatic disorders

Suppresses the immune system - can have burn holes / ulcers in stomach

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28
Q

3 ways you are much more likely to develop a psychosomatic disorder:

A
  1. Stress
  2. Have a genetic predisposition for an organ weakness
  3. Have a pessimistic personality (worry, downer)
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29
Q

2 types of personalities

A
  1. Type A - highly competitive / strive for achievement and want to be the best
  2. Type B - take things as they come / laid back

(Type A tend to have more heart attacks than type B)

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30
Q

Focus attention on how bad you feel but don’t work on making it better

A

Emotion - focused

the automatic response

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31
Q

6 ways to Relax:

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Meditation
  3. Teach yourself to relax
  4. Avoid rushing
  5. Keep socially involved
  6. Positive self statements
  7. (puts good chemicals in your system / rids bad ones)
  8. (focus attention away from outside issues and on yourself)
  9. (progressive relaxation - you’re tense and did not realize it)
  10. (pace yourself)
  11. (thoughts rush / build up by yourself)
  12. (ex: “how stupid can I be?”)
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32
Q

Need to fight that initial emotional response and the problem

A

Problem - focused

**Need to be ‘problem’ focused / NOT emotion

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33
Q

6 defense mechanisms

A
  1. Denial
  2. Projection
  3. Rationalization
  4. Repression
  5. Compensation
  6. Sublimation
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34
Q

Not facing the facts / truth

A

Denial

Ex:
At the bar everyday
“I don’t have a drinking problem”

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35
Q

You have negative (socially unacceptable) feelings and push it onto someone else

A

Projection

Ex:
You don’t like your mom, talks shit on all moms
???

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36
Q

Come up with a reason for doing your behavior, but it is not the truth

(But it is believable)

A

Rationalization

Ex:
Failed a class bc of the professor
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37
Q

Selectively forgetting tragic memories

A

Repression

Ex:
“Memories too painful to remember, you choose to forget”

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38
Q

Work hard to overcome some weakness / fear

A

Compensation

Ex:
Cops
“lifting bro!”

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39
Q

Channel frustrated energies into a socially acceptable format

A

Sublimation

Ex:
Take sexual frustration and put it into working 14 hours a day

(Not necessarily dealing with the intimacy problems)

Ex:
Sports / boxing

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40
Q

4 ways we know someone has problems:

A
  1. Use cultural norms
  2. Statistics approach
  3. Intensity of behavior
  4. How odd the behavior is
  5. (If you go against the standards, people look at you weirdly)
  6. (If most people do it, it is normal / average.
    The further away from average you get the more abnormal)
  7. (Frequency and duration - does it happen all the time?)
  8. (The context in which behavior occurs
    ex: DANCING (on the beach vs in class)
41
Q

Lost touch with reality

A

Psychotic

42
Q

5 types of ‘disorders’

A
  1. Personality
  2. Anxiety
  3. Obsessive-compulsive
  4. Dissociative
  5. Somatic
43
Q

Disorders

The behavior they engage in is harmful to others, but they have NOT lost touch with reality

A

Personality disorders

Ex:
Antisocial personality (sociopath / psychopath)
•have no conscious, impulsive, & do not learn from their mistakes
•charismatic / lack a superego
SERIAL KILLERS

44
Q

What causes antisocial personality disorder?

sociopath / psychopath

A
  1. Deprivation / neglect during early life
    Ex: no bond with mother
  2. Tend to have under aroused nervous system
    Ex: always bored

•best treatment is to lock them up in jail

45
Q

Feeling fear but there is no present danger

A

Anxiety

uneasiness / apprehension

46
Q

When is anxiety a problem?

A

When it becomes intense, persistent, or prevents you from doing things you want / need to do

47
Q

3 characteristics of
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(or “Free-Floating Anxiety”)

A
  1. Anxious all the time / not attached to a specific person or event
  2. Overly concerned with what others think of them
  3. Worry about own self worth
48
Q

A sudden onset of intense feelings of dread

A

Panic attack

Physical signs:
heartbeat, rapid breathing, worry about having another one

49
Q

An irrational fear

A

Phobia

50
Q

Afraid of one particular thing

A

Specific phobia
(Simple phobia)

Ex:
spiders, snakes, heights

51
Q

Nervous in any social event

A

Social anxiety disorder

•fear of being evaluated by others

Ex:
going out to eat – “are they watching me?”

52
Q

A fear of open places (public)

A

Agoraphobia

•afraid of having a panic attack in a public place

Ex:
10-15 years you don’t leave the house

53
Q

A recurring thought – can’t stop thinking about

A

Obsessive

•Not something you want to think about so you act ‘compulsive’

54
Q

A behavior used to try and control your anxiety

A

Compulsive

Ex:
Fear of contamination
•every time you touch something you wash your hands
•relives the anxiety for a short period of time

55
Q

‘Splitting’ from the self

as a result of anxiety

A

Dissociative disorders

56
Q

When the person literally forgets who they are

•not biologically damaged

A

Dissociative amnesia

57
Q

When the person literally forgets who they are
AND then move to somewhere else and
“Start all over again”

A

Dissociative amnesia w/ Fugue

•amnesia + looking to flee

58
Q

Characteristics of
‘Dissociative Identity Disorder’
(Multiple personality disorder)

A
  1. 2 or more people within the same person
  2. Egos typically not aware of each other
  3. The “dominant” person has time / memory loss when the subclasses take over
  4. They are NOT ‘crazy’

Cause?
5. It is the persons way of protecting themselves
Ex:
“I’m not getting raped, she is!”

59
Q

Disorders /

Use the body

A

Somatic

60
Q

Characteristics of ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

hypochondriasis

A
  1. Think you are ill but you are NOT
  2. “Picks up” one disease, gets “another” once it is gone
  3. Lots of secondary attention / empathy from other people

Ex:
Brianna Millwood

61
Q

Convert anxiety into a physical symptom

A

Conversion disorder

Ex:
Your job is stressful, so you wake up one day “paralyzed” I
•was a valid excuse in more primitive societies
•symptoms disappear when guard is down such as sleeping
•shows a major indifference for the disorder they display

62
Q

Mood disorders

3 characteristics of ‘Major Depressive disorder’

A
  1. Overwhelming sense of sadness
  2. Feeling of worthlessness
  3. Feeling of hopeless (never getting better)
63
Q

Behavioral symptoms

of major depressive disorder

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Eating affected (eat too little / much)
  3. Sleeping affected (sleep too little / much)
  4. Find no satisfaction in past hobbies
64
Q

What causes major depressive disorder?

A

A sense of loss
Ex:
Divorce
Death

Biologically, there are genes / chemical imbalances with depression
Ex:
Low levels of serotonin
(Can be reduced simply thru walking)

65
Q

Treatments for major depressive disorder

A
  1. Cognitive behavior therapy
  2. Electro convulsive therapy (ECT)
  3. Medicine
66
Q

Attacks the illogical feelings of the depressed person

A

Cognitive behavior therapy

Ex:
No one likes you? Let’s go ask some people

•the main treatment for everything these days

67
Q

Runs electrical signals through the brain

A

Electro convulsive therapy (ECT)

  • Last resort (used w/ suicidal people)
  • Memory loss
  • Does not cure you for life
68
Q

Chronic mild depression

A

Dysthymia

can still hold a job / regular life

69
Q

Manic depressive disorder

mania with depression

A

Bipolar disorder

•strong biological connection

Medicine:
Lithium carbonate

70
Q

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder

which means:

A

One has lost touch with reality

71
Q

How do you know someone is psychotic?

A
  1. Delusion
  2. Hallucination
  3. Disturbed emotions
  4. Thought disorganization (can’t hold a job)
  5. Unusual motor behavior (agitated to motionless)
72
Q

A false belief

that a person holds onto despite the facts

A

Delusion

Ex:
Somatic delusion
•you think something is wrong with your body but there isn’t

Grandeur
•feelings of greatness
“I’m God / Satan”

73
Q

Any sense you experience that is not real

A

Hallucination

•most common - auditory
“I hear voices”

74
Q

Display inappropriate emotions

A

Disturbed emotions

Ex:
Laugh at a funeral
Cry at a funny joke

75
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

Positive - something is added to behavior
(respond to treatment better)

Negative - something is missing from person

Of the 5 symptoms, which are (+)?…(-)?

A

Positive

  1. Delusion
  2. Hallucination

Negative

  1. Disturbed emotions
  2. Thought disorganization
  3. Unusual motor behavior
76
Q

2 types of CAUSES of schizophrenia

A
  1. Organic (biological)
    Ex:
    Syphilis, Alzheimer’s
  2. Functional
    •psychological or not known
77
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  1. Disorganized
    •weird behaviors that are obvi crazy
  2. Catatonic
    •motionless - “wavy flexibility”
3. Paranoid 
•delusions of grandeur 
•"they're out to get me"
•dangerous, overprotective, defensive 
•"from my point of view the Jedi are evil"
  1. Undifferentiated
    •non everyday symptoms
78
Q

Specific causes of schizophrenia

A
  1. Psychological trauma
  2. Disturbed family circumstances
  3. Biological factors such as heredity, biochemical, brain structure
  4. Have a genetic predisposition
79
Q

‘Schizophrenia details’

Occurs in the left hemisphere

A
  • By taking chemicals you can change your behavior
  • high levels of dopamine
  • areas of brain way too big / structured differently
80
Q

Treatments for schizophrenia

A
  1. MEDICATIONS
    •NOT a cure, treat symptoms
    •similar to a hearing aid
    •put people on groggy / zombie like state
    •they over use meds, and feel terrible they stop taking them
  2. SURGERY
    •take out ‘abnormal’ parts of the brain
    •leave a lasting effect, CNS doesn’t grow back
    •”labadomy” - destroy brain tissue
81
Q

The generic term for “talk therapy”

A

Psychotherapy

  • has a modest positive effect
  • helps most people
82
Q

Behavior is determined by natural instincts

A

Psychoanalytic

•Freud

Ex:
Sex
Aggression

83
Q

Selectively pushing ‘bad’ thoughts to the unconscious mind

A

Repression

  • person is anxious because the thought is still there
  • need to bring it back to conscious
84
Q

Repression

How do you bring thoughts back to conscious?

A
  1. Dream analysis
  2. Hypnosis
  3. Free association (say 1st thing on mind)
  4. Resistance (block out a thought)
  5. Transference
    (yell at therapist like he’s causing ur problems
    Ex:
    “You never give me credit bro!” )
85
Q

When the therapist is in charge

A

Directive therapy

86
Q

More shit about Freud:

Psychoanalytic therapy

A
  • Looking into the past
  • Directive therapy
  • 1st person to see psycho disorders as a ‘mental illness’

People thought it was demons causing it before

87
Q

2 types of Humanistic therapies

•Free will

A
  1. Client-centered therapy

2. Gestalt therapy

88
Q

Tries to get your mind to function as a whole unit

A

Gestalt therapy
•”whole therapy”

(thoughts, actions, & feelings all consistent)

89
Q

When therapist just sits back and acts as a sounding board…

A

Client-centered therapy

..to make the person discover where the problem lies

Ex:
“sounds like you’re mad at your mom”

“no matter what I accept you as a person”
•unconditional positive regard

90
Q

An eclectic approach that takes from humanistic and psychoanalytic

A

Transactional analysis

•not purebred

91
Q

Transactional analysis says there are 3 parts of the personality

What are they?

A
  1. Parent
    •caring / loving, authoritative, restrictive
    (“Superego”)
  2. Child
    •fun / creative part, impulsive, demanding
    (“Id”)
  3. Adult
    •mature decision maker, compromise
    (“Ego”)
92
Q

3 advantages of group therapy

A
  1. Realize that other people have similar problems (not alone)
  2. It’s cheaper
  3. Gives opportunity to practice things in a real life setting
    Ex: problems making friends / social setting
93
Q

Psychodrama

gets people involved with what you’re talking about by:

A
  • Role playing
  • Role reversal

Ex:
Marriage counseling
Bullying

94
Q

Focuses on the behavior itself
•not the motivation behind it

Uses classical conditioning

A

Behavior therapy

  • Aversion therapy
  • Systematic desensitization
95
Q

breaking bad habits

A

Aversion therapy

Ex:
Drinking problem
associates drinking w/ unpleasant feelings
•gets shocked every time u pick up a beer

•ethical concerns
- you need “informed consent”
(tell the person EXACTLY what you are going to do)

96
Q

Training someone to relax

A

Systematic desensitization

•develop a “fear” hierarchy - gradual steps (from 0 anxiety to 100% anxiety)

Ex:
1. Visual imagery
•imagine you approach the dog

  1. Watch other people in real life
  2. Experience - do it yourself
97
Q

Changing the way you think to make you feel better

A

1 used therapy for everything

Cognitive behavior therapy

Ex:
Depression
(equally effective as meds)

98
Q

Most health problems are consequences of illogical belief systems

A

Rational-Emotive behavior therapy

•Albert Elis

Ex:
“Everyone should be like me”
No, not everyone has to

“I must be perfect”
No, everyone makes mistakes

99
Q

Albert Elis “A, B, C, D” system is used to change illogical beliefs

What is it?

A

A. activating event
Ex: gf / bf breaks up with you

B. belief system kicks in
Ex: “I am no good / did something wrong”

C. emotional Consequence you feel as a result
Ex: feel depressed / down

D. Disputing the irrational belief
Ex: no, A does not cause C
(A causes B which causes C)

Gen Psychology (4 decks)

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