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Anatomy > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

A

Urinary tract

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2
Q

kidneys, blood vessels

A

Urinary System Structures

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3
Q

filter waste products from the bloodstream and convert the filtrate into urine.

A

kidneys

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4
Q

Regulates the volume, composition and pH of body fluids, adjusts water loss, releases of EPO and renin

Removes excess water, electrolytes and other wastes (urea, urine)

Storage of urine and excretion of urine

Regulation of erythrocyte production.

As the kidneys filter the blood, they are also indirectly measuring the oxygen level in the blood

A

Urinary System General Functions

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5
Q

depression, vessels & nerves enter/exit

A

Hilus (kidney)

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6
Q

under capsule, location of glomerular capsules

A

Cortex (kidney)

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7
Q

renal pyramids, papilla, columns

A

Medulla (kidney)

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8
Q

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis to ureter

A

Renal Sinus (kidney)

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9
Q

Located on either side of vertebral column, left slightly superior, retroperitoneal

Reddish brown color, bean shaped with smooth surface.

Tough renal capsule (fibrous)

A

kidney

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10
Q

renal artery  segmental  interlobar  arcuate  interlobular  afferent arterioles glomerulus efferent arterioles capillaries

A

blood supply to the kidney (Arteries)

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11
Q

from capillaries interlobular arcuate interlobar renal vein

A

blood supply to the kidney (Veins)

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12
Q

peritubular (cortex) or vasa recta (medulla)

A

blood supply to the kidney (veins)

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13
Q

The functional filtration unit in the kidney.

Kidneys house approx 2.5 million nephrons.

Filtration is mostly a passive process based on solute size and conc. gradients

Blood to be filtered arrives at the nephron via the glomerulus (capillary)

Types: Cortical or Juxtamedullary

A

Nephrons

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14
Q

Consists of the following components:

renal corpuscle (Bowman’s or glomerular capsule w/ glomerulus)

proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop

distal convoluted tubule

renal tubule: PCT, loop of Henle, DCT

A

Nephrons

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15
Q

Actively reabsorb almost all nutrients (glucose, a.a., f.a.), electrolytes, and any plasma proteins.

Approximately 60% to 65% of the water in the tubular fluid is reabsorbed by osmosis.

The solutes and water are returned to the blood via the peritubular capillaries

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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16
Q

: reabsorbs water from surrounding tissue

A

descending limb (nephron loop)

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17
Q

Na+ and Cl- are reabsorbed in the surrounding tissue

A

ascending limb (nephron loop)

18
Q

Begins at the PCT, extends into the medulla

As solute conc. of interstitial fluid increases due to ascending limb release a conc. gradient is produced that pulls water out of the descending limb.

Thin portions of both limbs are permeable to water.

A

nephron loop

19
Q

Begins at the end of the nephron loop.

Impermeable to solutes, must use active transport to pass ions (pumps regulated by aldosterone)

Reabsorption of water occurs here under the influence of two hormones:

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

20
Q

increase DCT absorption of Na+ and water, increase loss of K+, secreted by adrenal gland

A

Aldosterone (distal convoluted tubule)

21
Q

reabsorption of water, increase blood volume at the kidney, secreted by post. pit

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (distal convoluted tub

22
Q

If an individual is well hydrated, the collecting ducts simply transport the tubular fluid into the calyxes pelvis  ureters

However, if an individual is dehydrated, water conservation must occur, and more-concentrated urine is produced
.
ADH may act on the collecting duct epithelium, making it more permeable to water from the tubular fluid.

A

Collecting Tubules and Collecting Ducts

23
Q

Three tunics of the ureters

A

mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

24
Q

Long, fibromuscular tubes that conduct urine to the bladder. Each tube averages 25 cm in length and is retroperitoneal

originate at the renal pelvis and exit the hilum of the kidney

Peristaltic contractions are used to move urine to bladder.

A

Ureters

25
Q

Expandable, muscular sac, reservoir for urine. Positioned immediately superior and posterior to the pubic symphysis.

A

Urinary Bladder

26
Q

contacts the uterus posterosuperiorly and with the vagina posteroinferiorly

A

Females (urinary bladder)

27
Q

contacts the rectum posterosuperiorly and is immediately superior to the prostate gland.

A

Males (urinary bladder)

28
Q

: immovable portion of the urinary bladder.

A

Trigone (urinary blader)

29
Q

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

A

Four tunics (urinary bladder)

30
Q

Is a retroperitoneal organ and is lined with transitional epithelium

A

Urinary Bladder

31
Q

Fibromuscular tube that exits the urinary bladder and conducts urine to the exterior of the body.

The lining is a protective mucous membrane that houses mucin-producing cells.

Bundles of smooth muscle fibers surround the mucosa and help propel urine to the outside of the body.

A

Urethra

32
Q

Two urethral sphincters restrict the release of urine until the pressure within the urinary bladder is high enough and voluntary activities needed to release the urine are activated.

Internal urethral sphincter (smooth, involuntary) surrounding the neck of the bladder, where the urethra originates.

External urethral sphincter (skeletal, voluntary-SNS) is in the urogenital diaphragm.

A

Urethra

33
Q

Has a single function to transport urine from the urinary bladder to the vestibule

3 to 5 centimeters long, and opens to the outside of the body at the external urethral orifice located in the female perineum.

A

Female Urethra

34
Q

is approx. 3 to 4 cm long, extends through the prostate gland, immediately inferior to the male bladder

A

prostatic urethra

35
Q

extends from the inferior surface of the prostate gland through the urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

36
Q

encased within a cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis (corpus spongiosum)

A

spongy urethra

37
Q

Urinary and reproductive functions, passageway for both urine and semen

Approximately 18 to 20 cm long.

Partitioned into three segments:

A

Male Urethra

38
Q

complex sequence of events starting with stretch receptors in the bladder wall

A

Micturition reflex

39
Q

The bladder is supplied by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers

When adequate stretch stim. is present, parasympathetic motor neurons stim. muscles of the bladder to contract.

Elevates pressure of fluids in the bladder, urine release only occurs when both the urethral sphincters relax

The expulsion of urine from the bladder

A

Micturition (Urination)

40
Q

If external sphincter doesn’t relax then no urine is expelled and bladder relaxes.

When more urine arrives, the stim. repeats, but is stronger this time.

Tensing of the abdominal and expiratory muscles increases pressure and assists in compressing the bladder… pee faster, but be careful!

A

Micturition

Anatomy (7 decks)

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