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SF4 Exam 2 > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

adenohypohysis is another term for what?

A

anterior pituitary

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2
Q

neurohypophysis is another term for what?

A

posterior pituitary

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3
Q

the anterior pituitary is made up of what type of tissue and is derived from what

A

epithelial tissue

formed by an upgrowth of ectoderm cells from the roof of the embryonic pharynx

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4
Q

posterior pituitary is what type of tissue and formed from what

A

neural tissue

formed from downward evagination of the floor of the embryonic brain

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5
Q

magnocellular neurons originate from where?

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

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6
Q

magnocellular neurons release what hormones

A

ADH

oxytocin

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7
Q

magnocellular neurons (path and termination)

A

from hypothalamus through infundibulum of pituitary and terminate in close proximity to capillaries of the posterior pituitary

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8
Q

what is part of the precursor for ADH but not oxytocin

A

glycopeptide domain

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9
Q

what occurs to ADH and oxytocin pre-prohomrone as it goes through ER and golgi

A

signal peptide removed (in ER) and prohormones packaged into secretory granules

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10
Q

what happens to ADH and oxytocin in the secretory granules

A

prohormone is cleaved to form mature hormone

neurophysin cleaved from prohormone

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11
Q

neurophysin cleaved from prohomone does what

A

form tetramers and bind the hormone

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12
Q

what happens when the membrane at the nerve terminal is depolarized

A

VG-Ca channels open and Ca2+ enters cells

leads to exocytosis of secretory product

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13
Q

neurophysins (what type of function do they have)

A

chaperone and folding function

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14
Q

how are ADH and oxytocin secretion regulated

A

direct neural control

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15
Q

neurons releasing ADH and oxytocin represent what part of what reflex

A

efferent limb of neuroendocrine reflex arc

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16
Q

hypophysiotropic hormones (what are they/what do they do)

A

neurosecretions

mediate direct hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary secretory function

17
Q

hypophysiotropic hormones can also be called what

A

releasing homrones and inhibiting hormones

18
Q

hypophysiotropic hormones are secreted where and by what

A

into primary capillary plexus of median eminence by parvicellular neurons of hypothalamus

19
Q

how do hypophysiotropic hormones get to anterior pituitary

A

hypothalamohypophyseal portal vessels

20
Q

what pituitary hormone’s release is normally under tonic inhibition and by what

A

prolactin is usually tonically inhibited by dopamine

21
Q

what can stimulate prolactin release

A

TRH

22
Q

what are the 5 main cell types of anterior pituitary

A 
somatotrope
thyrotrope
lactotrope
gonadotrope
corticotrope
23
Q

somatotrope (what stimulates them and what do they secrete

A

stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

secrete growth hormone (GH)

24
Q

somatotropes are inhibited by what

A

somatostatin (SS)

25
Q

thyrotrope (what stimulates them and what do they secrete)

A

stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or TSH)

26
Q

lactotrope (what inhibits them and what do they secrete)

A 
inhibited by dopamine (tonically)
secrete prolactin (PRL)
27
Q

gonadotrope (what stimulates them and what do they secrete)

A

stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

28
Q

corticotrope (what stimulates them)

A 
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
arginine vasopressin (AVP aka ADH)
29
Q

corticotrope (what do they secrete)

A 
adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin or ACTH)
gamma-ipotropin (gamma-LPH)
beta-endorphin
30
Q

what releasing/inhibiting hormones work on target cell via cAMP (Gs) pathway

A

GHRH

CRH

31
Q

what releasing/inhibiting hormones work on target cell via IP3 (Gq) pathway

A

GnRH
TRH
AVP

32
Q

dopamine and somatostatin work on target cells how

A

Gi

inhibit cAMP formation and activation G-protien gated K+ cannels

33
Q

tropic hormones (what are they)

A

hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands

34
Q

long feedback loops (what are they)

A

negative feedback of hormone released from target gland by tropic hormone on hypothalamus or pituitary

35
Q

short feedback loops (what are they)

A

tropic hormones inhibit their own release by regulating the release of releasing/inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus

SF4 Exam 2 (13 decks)

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