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Block 5 > 4.1 Histopathology of common skin neoplasms > Flashcards

4.1 Histopathology of common skin neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis (hypodermis)

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2
Q

What are the layers and components of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum 
Stratum ganulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum basale 
Keratinocytes 
Basal cells 
Melanocytes
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3
Q

Define macule

A

flat discoloured lesion up to 10mm

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4
Q

Define patch

A

flat discoloured lesion >10mm

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5
Q

Define papule

A

elevated (dome, flat topped) lesion up to 10mm

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6
Q

Define nodule

A

Elevated (dome) lesion >10mm

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7
Q

Define plaque

A

elevated flat topped lesion >10mm

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8
Q

Define vesicle

A

fluid filled lesion up to 10mm

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9
Q

Define bulla

A

fluid filled raised lesion >10mm

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10
Q

Define pustule

A

pus filled raised lesion

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11
Q

Define Lichenification

A

thickened rough skin with prominent markings

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12
Q

Define excoriation

A

traumatic lesion with breakage of the epidermis and raw liner area

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13
Q

What is hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of the stratum corneum

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14
Q

What is parakeratosis

A

retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

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15
Q

What is hypergranulosis

A

hyperplasia of the stratum corneum

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16
Q

What is acanthosis

A

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

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17
Q

What is papillomatosis

A

Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlarged dermal papillae

18
Q

What is spongioisis

A

intracellular edema of epidermis

19
Q

What is dyskeratosis

A

abnormal premature keratinization below stratum granulosum

20
Q

What neoplasms can you have of the keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cyst
Actinic (solar) keratosis
SCC
Keratoacanthoma

21
Q

What neoplasms can you have of basal cells?

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

BCC

22
Q

What neoplasms can you have with melanocytes?

A

Ephelis (freckles)
Lentigo (age spots)
Naevocellular naevi (moles)
Melanome

23
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of epidermal cysts?

A

Keratin debris containing cyst lined by benign squamous epithelium (found in the dermis) - benign

24
Q

What is the appearance of actinic keratosis and who does it usually occur in?

A

Scaly patches due to too much keratin (confined to the epidermis) - usually in the elderly from sun exposure

25
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of actinic keratosis?

A

Hyperkeratosis
Epidermal dysplastic (neoplastic but not invasive)
Solar elastosis of the dermal collagen

26
Q

What is the treatment of actinic keratosis and why is it important?

A

Freezing, curettage, topical treatments, excision

Important because it is a precursor for SCC

27
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of SCC?

A

Nodular, scaly, ulcerated

  • Red scaling plaques when in situ
  • Nodular keratin producing when invaded
28
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of SCC?

A

Invasion beyond BM
Resemble keratinocytes
Focal keratinization

29
Q

What is the appearance of Solar elastosis?

A

Looks blue as apposed to healthy pink collagen bundles

30
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of keratocnathoma?

A

Crateriform

31
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of keratocanthoma?

A

Nodule with a central crater filled with keratin

32
Q

What type of neoplasm is keratocanthoma?

A

Benign rapidly developing neoplasm which mimics a well differentiated SCC

33
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of seborrhoeic keratosis?

A

Raised warty lesions

34
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of seborrhoeic keratosis?

A

Proliferation of benign basal cells

Keratin nests

35
Q

what is the macroscopic appearance of BCC?

A

Pearly papules with surface telangiectasia (blood vessels)

36
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of BCC?

A

Malignant basal cells
Peripheral palisading
Apoptotic debris
Retraction artefact - clefting around

37
Q

What are ephelis?

A

Freckles which appear after sun exposure

38
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of ephelis?

A

Increased melanin pigment in basal layer but normal number of melanocytes

39
Q

What are lentigo?

A

benign age spots which do not darken on sun exposure

40
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of lentigo?

A

Linear (non nested) melanocytic hyperplasia

Above the BM

Block 5 (35 decks)

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