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ap psych > Chapter 1 Approaches > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Approaches Flashcards

0
Q

Wave 1 introspection people

A
  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • William James
  • Mary whiton calkins
  • Margaret floy Washburn
  • g. Stanley hall
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1
Q

History of psychology (waves)

A

1) introspection
2) gestalt
3) psychoanalysis
4) behaviorism
5) multiple perspectives

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2
Q

Introspection wave

A
  • trephination in the Stone Age- releasing evil spirits by making holes in skulls
  • structuralism and functionalism emerge
  • doesn’t influence today psychology
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3
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • made first psychological lab in leizpig Germany
  • recorded cognitive reactions to different stimuli
  • made structuralism
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4
Q

Introspection

A
  • Examining cognitive structures by Recording cognitive reactions to simple stimuli
  • doesn’t influence current psychology
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5
Q

Structuralism

A

Mind operates by combining subjective emotions and sensations
- made by Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

William James

A
  • Published first psychology textbook, the principles of psychology
  • made functionalism
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7
Q

Functionalism

A

Believes the mind should not be studied in terms of individual elements of consciousness but rather the whole consciousness

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8
Q

Mary whiton calkins

A

President of American psychological association

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9
Q

Margaret floy Washburn

A

First women to get PhD in psychology

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10
Q

G. Stanley hall

A

First president of American psychological association

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11
Q

Gestalt psychology wave

A
  • focused on trying to see the bigger picture (sum is bigger that it’s parts)
  • draws from all perspectives to evaluate the mind, not only focused on elements of conciousness like structuralism or the complete concious like functionalism, the mind is broader
  • does not influence psychology today
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12
Q

Wave 2 Gestalt psychology ppl

A

Max wertheimer

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13
Q

Wave 3 Psychoanalysis

A
  • to truly understand human thought and behavior one must study the unconscious mind thru psychoanalytic techniques
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14
Q

Unconscious mind

A

Part of the mind that ppl do not have conscious control over and partly influences how we think and behave

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15
Q

Repression

A

Pushing down of unconscious feelings that cause too much tension and anxiety for our conscious mind to deal with

16
Q

Wave 3 psychoanalysis ppl

A

Sigmund Freud

17
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • made psychoanalytic theory
  • theory used by many artists
  • criticized for being unscientific
18
Q

Wave 4 behaviorism

A
  • believe that psychologists should look at only behavior and it’s causes (stimuli and response)- not unobservable concepts like consciousness
19
Q

Wave 4 behaviorism ppl

A
  • John Watson
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • b.f. Skinner
20
Q

Reinforcement

A

Environ stimuli that that encourage or discourage behavior

21
Q

Wave 5 multiple perspectives

A
  • current psychologists look at thought and behavior from multiple perspectives (eclectic)
  • no dominant approach
22
Q

Psychological perspectives

A
  • humanist
  • psychoanalytic
  • bio psychology
  • evolutionary
  • behavioral
  • cognitive
  • sociocultural
  • bio psychosocial
23
Q

Humanist perspective

A
  • stressed free will which contrast the deterministic theories of the behaviorists
  • choices guided by our emotional spiritual physiological needs
  • not easily tested
24
Q

Humanist perspective ppl

A

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

25
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective

A
  • controversial
  • unconscious mind controls most of our thought and behavior
  • look for memories pushed to the unconscious mind thru therapy techniques like dream analysis, word association, etc.
26
Q

Biopsychology perspective

A
  • explain thought and behavior only thru biology
  • certain thoughts or behaviors may be caused by genes, hormones, neurotransmitters
  • big field
27
Q

Cognition

A

Thought

28
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A
  • examine human thoughts and behavior thru natural selection
  • more favorable traits passed down to next generation
29
Q

Behavioral perspective

A
  • human thought and behavior is affected by conditioning
30
Q

Cognitive perspective

A
  • thinks thought and behavior is affected by how we see and interpret the world (it just makes sense)
31
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A
  • thought and behavior is affected by the type of society and culture a person lives in
32
Q

Eclectic

A

Psychologists who believe multiple perspectives must be used to understand human thought and behavior

33
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A
  • cognitive processes, biological makeup, and social factors influence the person lives in affects their thought and behavior

ap psych (14 decks)

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