Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Goljan > Chapter 8 - Nutritional disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Nutritional disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the only dietary fuel for RBCs?

A

Glucose.

And because RBCs lack mitochondria, they use only anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tell me one virus infection that causes temporary destruction of brush border, with a consequent diarrhea and disaccharidases’ insufficiency

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transaminases remove amine groups from AAs to form …

A

α-ketoacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Long-chain free FAs are the major source of energy for all cells except … and …

A

RBCs and Brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Muscle and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do micelles contain?

A
  1. MGs
  2. FAs
  3. fat soluble vits
  4. CH esters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which apolipoprotein is required for fomation and secretion in blood of chylomicrons?

A

apoB48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In marasmus, pathogenesis of loss of subcutaneous fat

A

Decrease in leptin stores in adipose-> stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary axis -> release of CORT-> lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which disorder carries the highest death rate of all psychiatric disorders?

A

Anorexia nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoestrinism has what effect on bones?

A

Osteoporosis.
Esteogen normally: (+) osteoblastic activity
(-) osteoclastic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most probable cause of death in a girl with anorexia nervosa?

A

Ventricular arrhythmia usually related to hypokalemia from laxative abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diarrhea can cause hypomagnesemia, which can cause decreased synthesis and release of which hormone?

A

Parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can one distinguish hypercarotenemia with jaundice?

A

In hypercarotenemia the scleras are white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In which disease macrophages in granulomas synthasize 1-α-hydroxylase, synthesizing vitD and producing hypervitaminosis D?

A

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which CYP enzyme of P450 system is a 25-hydroxylase?

production of 25-OH vitD

A

CYP27A1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

VitE also called…

A

tocopherol or tocotrienol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Breast milk is deficient in vitamins … and …

A

D and K

18
Q

Other name of vitK

A

Phytomenadione
Phylloquinone
Phytonadione

19
Q

Warfarin or heparin provides immediate anticoagulation?

A

Heparin. Prothrombin has the longest half-life. Warfarin requires at least 3-4 days before all functional prothrombin has disappeared. (previously γ-carboxylated factors are still present)
So patients are initially placed on both heparin and warfarin.

20
Q

Which is the MC vit deficiency ni the USA?

A

Folate deficiency.

21
Q

Which deugs can cause folate deficiency?

A

Phenytoin
Sulfonamides
Methotrexate

22
Q

Cigarette smoking can cause vitamin … deficiency

A

vit C

23
Q

Deficiency in which vitamin can cause combined iron and folate deficiency?

A

VitC

24
Q

For which 3 enzymes is copper a cofactor?

A
  1. ferroxidase (binds iron to transferrin)
  2. lysyl oxidase (cross-linking of collagen and elastic tissue)
  3. tyrosinase (melanin synthesis)
25
Q

Clinical findings in copper deficiency

A
  1. Microcytic anemia
  2. Aortic dissection
  3. Poor wound healing
26
Q

Total serum copper in Wilson disease is increased or decreased?

A

Decreased because of decreased ceruloplasmin.

Increased serum free copper, increased urine copper.

27
Q

Chromium is a component of … and a cofactor for …

A

Glucose tolerance factor -> maintains normal serum glucose

Insulin-> fascilitates the binding of glucose to adipose and muscle GLUTs

28
Q

Clinical findings in chromium deficiency

A
  1. Impaired glucose tolerance

2. Peripheral neuropathy

29
Q

Clinical findings in selenium deficiency

A
  1. Muscle pain and weakness

2. Dilated cardiomyopathy

30
Q

Which is the only bile acid that is not reabsorbed in the terminal ileum?

A

Lithocholic acid.
It may have a causative role in producing colorectal cancer.
Insoluble fiber would eliminate the lithocholic acid that would have contact with the bowel mucosa.

31
Q

Symptoms of calcium deficiency

A
  1. Tetany

2. Osteoporosis

32
Q

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency

A

Decreased ATP causes :

a. Muscle weakness: rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria
b. Hemolytic anemia

33
Q

Symptoms of sodium deficiency

A
  1. Mental status abnormalities (cerebral edema-> water shifts into cells by osmosis)
  2. Convulsions
34
Q

Symptoms of potassium deficiency

A
  1. Muscle weakness (cannot repolarize muscle)

2. Polyuria (renders collenting ducts resistant to ADH)

35
Q

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency

A
  1. Hypocalcemia with tetany (acquired hypoparathyroidism due to impaired PTH secretion and resistance it target tissue)
  2. Tachycardia
36
Q

Symptoms of calcium excess

A
  1. Kidney stones (calcium oxalate and phosphate)
  2. Metastatic calcification (eg nephrocalcinosis)
  3. Polyuria (due to calcification of renal tubule BMs)
37
Q

Symptoms of phosphorus excess

A
  1. Hypocalcemia (increased P drives Ca2+ into bone and soft tissue)
  2. Hypovitaminosis D (inhibits activity of 1-α-hydroxylase)
38
Q

Symptoms of sodium excess

A
  1. Mental status abnormalities (intracellular shrinkage of neuroglial cells and neurons)
  2. Convulsions
39
Q

Symptoms of potassium excess

A

Heart stops in diastole (treat with calcium gluconate)

40
Q

Symptoms of magnesium excess

A
  1. Neuromuscular depression (decreased DTRs, muscle weakness)
  2. Bradycardia

Goljan (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions