Performance Demands Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term ‘anxiety’? (1)

A

Feeling nervous or apprehensive or tense or stressed or worried.

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2
Q

Explain how anxiety could have affected David’s performance when competing at the Youth Olympic Games. (2)

A

Award two marks for explaining an effect of anxiety on performance when competing.
• Likely to lose concentration / and make mistakes or perform poorly.
• Increased arousal / helping to focus on the task or improve performance.
• Releasing adrenaline / to prepare the body for performance.
• Butterflies or feeling sick / results in poor performance.
• Muscles may tighten up / negative effect on performance.
NB Only credit effect of anxiety not definition.

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3
Q

State what fatigue is. How is fatigue caused and what effect will it have on a performer in a named physical activity? (3)

A

Award one mark for correctly stating what fatigue is and one mark for the cause and one further mark for stating the effect on a performance
Examples include:
• gymnastics: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop or decrease in the level of performance
• soccer: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop or decrease in the level of performance or results in a player being substituted to prevent this

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4
Q

What is meant by fatigue? (2)

A

Award up to two marks for correctly stating what fatigue is:
• When the body, or parts of the body, get so tired/through the amount of work they have been called on to do/that they stop working properly, or sometimes altogether.

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5
Q

Give an example from a physical activity and explain the effect that fatigue could have on that performance. (2)

A

Award up to two marks for correctly giving an example of fatigue occurring in a physical activity:
• A games player being so tired near the end of a game/that their skill levels decrease and/or they are no longer able to carry on.

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6
Q

Why does fatigue occur during physical activity? (5)

A

Fatigue occurs because:
• Muscles can no longer repeat their contractions
• The capability for physical work is diminished
• Oxygen supply is reduced / oxygen debt
• Glycogen store in the muscles is depleted
• Glycogen store in the liver is depleted
• Glucose in the blood is depleted
• Lactic acid in the muscles is produced
• Blood sugar level drops
accept….(for max three marks)….
you have worked hard / you have been doing strenuous activity for a long time / you are unfit / the body is tired / you haven’t eaten / slept / haven’t trained energy used up you haven’t rehydrated

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7
Q

What causes of pressure/stress may affect performance? (2)

A

causes such as:
• playing in front of a crowd
• playing in front of important people
• a selector, a coach, a parent/friend ‒ max 2 marks
• playing on your own / as an individual
• playing with a partner/in a team
• playing at an important occasion
• performance debut (or trying a new skill)
• playing in a rewarding competition
• playing against particularly difficult/strong opposition
• playing after injury
• playing in a dangerous situation/high risk
• equipment failure
• weather conditions
• external/personal cause ‒ max 2 marks
• fear of failure.
accept examples: ..taking a penalty shootout, …last putt to win The Open - max 1 mark.

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8
Q

How can pressure/stress improve performance? (2)

A

it may improve performance by:
• raising motivation
• raising effort/making you work harder
• increasing arousal/more focused/more concentration
• increasing arousal ‒ preparing body
• increasing assertiveness/aggression
• improving confidence.

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9
Q

For two named physical activities, describe an example of an accident which can take place. State the actions which should be taken to prevent each accident. (4)

A

Examples include:
• games: being kicked in the shins / that the correct equipment is being worn, for example, shin guards in soccer
• in gymnastics: falling or tripping between the mats / that the correct equipment is being used and that it is in a safe condition eg. Mats
• in dance: to avoid cuts / that jewellery is checked and removed and that appropriate clothing is being worn
• in athletics: to avoid cut legs / that the landing areas are checked for sharp objects and removed before use
• in swimming: impact injuries through falling / that proper movement around the pool is ensured such as no running
• in outdoor and adventurous: possible hypothermia / that environmental factors are taken into consideration, such as weather forecasts checked and appropriate clothing is provided

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10
Q

Describe the difference between a sprain and a strain. (2)

A

a sprain is the overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint
a strain is the overstretching of a muscle

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11
Q

The RICE principle is related to soft tissue injuries. What do these letters stand for? (4)

A

R ‒ Rest
I ‒ Ice
C ‒ Compression
E ‒ Elevation.

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12
Q

Injuries can occur during physical activity. Explain what is meant by the following terms.

(i) Dislocation (1)
(ii) Sprain (1)

A

Dislocation ‒ occurs at a joint where one bone comes out of its normal position against another.
Sprain ‒ overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint.

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13
Q

What is the cause of hypothermia and what action needs to be taken to treat it? (2)

A

Cause ‒ rapid cooling of the body where body temperature falls quickly and seriously.

Treatment ‒ best cure is prevention, wear plenty of warm clothing/ insulate casualty with clothing or blankets/remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing/shelter casualty from elements/provide hot
drinks/send for help.

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14
Q

Give three ways of reducing the risk of hypothermia. (3)

A
  • Dress appropriately
  • Reduce the amount of visible skin
  • Wear clothing with a high thermal rating / wear insulated clothing
  • Wear a number of different layers of clothing / wear more clothing
  • Get out of the wind / find shelter
  • Don’t go out (play / swim) in the cold
  • Keep the body moving
  • Rub oil into the skin
  • Take warm drinks / food
  • Keep dry / wear, or take with you, rainproof clothing
  • Wrap up in blankets
  • Get into a sleeping bag (with a suitable companion)
  • Cuddle with companions
  • Keep the body moving
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15
Q

How can injuries be avoided? (8)

A
  • warming up;
  • cooling down;
  • displaying good technique;
  • maintaining/improving the appropriate ‘S’ factors;
  • wearing appropriate clothing/footwear;
  • wearing protective clothing/equipment;
  • remove jewellery/tie back hair/tie shoe laces;
  • using quality equipment;
  • playing in a safe environment/surfaces;
  • playing in appropriate weather conditions;
  • preparing mentally;
  • showing commitment and effort;
  • controlling emotions (pressure/stress);
  • following rules (fair play);
  • accepting decisions;
  • planning tactics;
  • respecting the activity, the contest, the opponent;
  • don’t overdo it/don’t take risks/take rests;
  • comparable competition – age group/ability;
  • appropriate supervision – qualified officials/coaches;
  • take notice/advice from an appropriate source;
  • balanced diet.
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16
Q

State and describe one way in which a shy personality could have a negative effect on performance in gymnastics. (2)

A

Award one mark for stating and one further mark for the description of a way in which Ben’s shy personality could have a negative effect on his performance in gymnastics.

  • Doesn’t like mixing with others / may avoid training camps so limiting improvements.
  • Lower level of confidence / not willing to attempt difficult moves in competitions.
  • Performing in front of others or being nervous / may result in mistakes.
  • Reluctant to ask for help / may hinder progress or ability.
17
Q

Explain how anxiety may affect performance when competing in a major competition (4)

A

Award up to four marks for explaining how anxiety may affect Ben’s performance when he is competing in a major competition.

  • Increased arousal / helping to focus on the task.
  • Releasing adrenaline / to prepare the body for performance.
  • Butterflies or feeling sick / and may make mistakes.
  • Sweaty palms / may lose grip.
  • Shaking / may cause Ben to lose balance.
  • Panic attacks / may forget routine.
  • Muscles may tighten up / reduce strength or speed or flexibility.
  • Over aroused, or stressed, or too nervous or scared / cannot perform difficult moves.
  • Loss of concentration / may get injured.
  • Too worried or too nervous or scared / may stop competing.