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Clin Med Exam 5 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

AVPU

A

Alert (eyes are open)
Verbal stimuli
Painful stimuli
Unresponsive

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2
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

Eye opening
Motor response
Verbal response

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3
Q

Praxis

A

Knowing how to use objects (cell phone, hairbrush, etc.)

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4
Q

Assess CN I

A

Patient closes eyes and occludes one nostril and smells one scent
Patient then smells out of other nostril another scent

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5
Q

Assess CN II

A

Have patient read Snellen or Rosenbaum chart

Confrontation testing

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6
Q

Assess CN III, IV, and VI

A

For III only – pupillary response

For all of them – their eyes following your finger

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7
Q

PERLA

A

Pupils Equally round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

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8
Q

Assessing CN V

A

Sensory – touch the patient’s face at the three spots where the CN V branches leave the skull
Motor – have the patient raise and lower their jaw, and move it from side to side

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9
Q

Assessing CN VII

A

Have the patient move the muscles of their face (tightly close eyes, purse lips, etc.)

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10
Q

If there’s damage to the CN VII at the origin of the nerve and you ask them to wrinkle their forehead, what will happen?

A

It will be symmetric on both sides, but weakened

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11
Q

If there’s damage to the CN VII at the periphery and you ask them to wrinkle their forehead, what will happen?

A

The side of the damage will not wrinkle

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12
Q

Assessing CN VIII

A

Whisper test, Weber test, Rinne test (auditory)

Dix-Hallpike maneuver (vestibular)

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13
Q

Assessing CN IX and X

A

Test by having patient say, “ahh”

Gag reflex

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14
Q

Assessing CN XI

A

Resisted head turning and shrugging shoulders

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15
Q

Assessing CN XII

A

Have them protrude tongue (deviates to side of lesion)

Have them push their tongue against resistance

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16
Q

Motor examination

A

Tone and bulk of muscle
ROM
Gait
Strength of muscles

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17
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness

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18
Q

Plegia

A

Semi-paralysis

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19
Q

Paralysis

A

Can’t move it

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20
Q

Hypertonia

A

Spasticity, ridigity, and paratonia

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21
Q

Reflexes and spinal cord levels

A 
Biceps (C5-6)
Triceps (C6-7)
Brachioradialis (C5-6)
Patellar (L3-4)
Achilles (S1)
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22
Q

Reflex grading

A 
0 = absent
1 = reduced
2 = normal
3 = increased
4 = clonus (can't stop reflex)
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23
Q

Plantar response

A

Stroke sole of patient’s foot

Normal is for all toes to flex (after age of 2)

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24
Q

Cerebellar testing

A

Rapidly alternating movements
Point-to-point movements
Assessment of balance/gait

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25
Q

Parkinson’s disease gait assessment

A

Forward or backward propulsion when asking them to walk

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26
Q

Pronator drift

A

Have the patient hold their arms out and close their eyes

If they’ve suffered from a stroke, over time their arm will pronate and drift across their body

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27
Q

Affect

A

Person’s external expression of his/her emotional state

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28
Q

Afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil)

A

Continued pupillary dilation instead of constriction in the eye with a pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion in response to shining a light in the damaged eye after first shining in the normal eye

29
Q

Agraphia

A

Loss of ability to express oneself in writing due to central lesion or macular incoordination

30
Q

Akathisia

A

Inability to sit down because the thought of doing so causes severe anxiety
Patient is constantly moving and complains of muscular quivering

31
Q

Akinesia

A

Complete or partial loss of muscle movement

32
Q

Antalgic

A

Behavior used to limit pain

33
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to express oneself through speech or loss of verbal comprehension

34
Q

Ataxia

A

Impaired ability to coordinate muscular movement

Staggering gait and postural imbalance

35
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, twisting, writhing movements

Larger amplitude than chorea

36
Q

Bells palsy

A

Acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that is temporary

37
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

General name for a large group of persisting, nonprogressive motor disorders appearing in young children and resulting from brain damage

38
Q

Chorea

A

Dance-like, involuntary, rapid movements

Can be associated with Huntington’s disease, rheumatic fever, SLE

39
Q

Clonus

A

Rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles

40
Q

Dementia

A

Irrecoverable deteriorative mental state

Loss of memory, other intellectual functions, that interfere with daily living

41
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision caused by defective function of extraocular muscles

42
Q

Dysarthria

A

Defective articulation secondary to motor deficit involving the lips, tongue, palate, or pharynx

43
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

44
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Sensations, such as pins and needles or crawling

45
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Defect in voluntary motion

Extrapyramidal disorders

46
Q

Dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech resulting from brain lesions

47
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty in speaking/hoarseness

Weakness of laryngeal muscles

48
Q

Dystonia

A

Impaired or disordered tonicity

Involuntary muscle spasms

49
Q

Encephalitis

A

Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

50
Q

Fasciculations

A

Localized, uncoordinated twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve filament

51
Q

Fluent (Wernicke’s) apahsia

A

Fluent, effortless speech
Words may be malformed and incomprehensible
Can hear words but can’t relate them to previous experiences

52
Q

Graphesthesia

A

Ability to recognize shapes, symbols, numbers, letters, etc. traced in the skin

53
Q

Hemianopia

A

Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes

54
Q

Hemiballismus

A

Jerking and twitching movements of one side of the body

55
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Progressive autoimmune disorder which causes degeneration of the myelin sheath of the brain’s white matter

56
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow

57
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

Congenital defect of the spine that allows spinal contents to protrude

58
Q

Myelopathy

A

Any pathological condition of the spinal cord

59
Q

Myoclonus

A

Twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles

60
Q

Myopathy

A

Any disease or abnormal condition of striated muscle

61
Q

Non-fluent (Broca’s) aphasia

A

Cannot express oneself using language; few words with laborious effort
Primarily uses nouns and verbs
Word comprehension is usually adequate

62
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

Stiff neck

63
Q

Paralysis

A

Temporary suspension or permanent loss of function

64
Q

Paresis

A

Partial or incomplete paralysis

65
Q

Paresthesia

A

Unusual sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning

66
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Condition commonly seen in diabetes

Decrease in motor and sensory function

67
Q

Stereognosis

A

Ability to recognize form of solid objects by touch

68
Q

Stroke

A

Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

69
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary movement of part or parts of the body resulting from alternating contractions of opposite muscles

Clin Med Exam 5 (6 decks)

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