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Review course > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

If a child has blast cells what is the likely cause

A

ALL

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2
Q

an older male with blast cells and auer bodies

A

AML

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3
Q

Risk factors for leukemia

A

down syndrome and other inborn errors of metabolism

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4
Q

Only known risk factor for CML

A

Ionizing radiation

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5
Q

What does chunky refer to

A

Both B and T cell disease have blasts that show “chunky” positivity on periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining
ALL

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6
Q

Philadelphia chromosome refers to

A

CML

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7
Q

You see a high calcium what does that mean

A

multiple myeloma

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8
Q

With multiple myeloma what s the diagnostic test

A

Electrophresis - elevated M protein

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9
Q

Rouleaux

A

MM

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10
Q

Bence Jones proteinuria

A

MM

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11
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

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12
Q

Risk factors for lymphomas

A

viral infections (EBV, HIV, Hep C)

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13
Q

G6PD drug rxns

A

Antimalarial, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, methylene blue, fava beans, vitamin K

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14
Q

heinz bodies on peripheral smear

A

G6PD

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15
Q

elevated unconjungated bilirubin

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

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16
Q

asymptomatic biliruin elevation in the blood

A

Gilberts

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17
Q

What serum blood test helps determine the degree of hemolysis?

A

haptoglobin

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18
Q

What is the most common human enzyme defect?

A

G6PD

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19
Q

schistocytes are what

A

in hymolytic syndromes

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20
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

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21
Q

Most common leukemia in adults

A

CLL

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22
Q

most common inherited hypercoagulability disorder

A

Factor V Leiden

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23
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder.

A

von Willebrand disease

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24
Q

Tx for ITP

A

Corticosteroids and immunoglobulin

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25
Q

Dexamethasone can be used for what

A

delayed n/v after chemo

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26
Q

Pegasparagase may cause what

A

Pancreatitis

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27
Q

most common sign of ITP?

A

Petechiae

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28
Q

Methylglobinemia can result from what

A

benzocaine

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29
Q

tx of methemoglobinemia

A

Methylene blue

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30
Q

I have a pulse ox of 80% after geting benzocaine

A

methemoglobinemia

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31
Q

Acute chest syndrome is what

A

fever, chest pain, wheezing, cough, hypoxia in sickle cell patients

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32
Q

osteomyelitis in pt with sickle cell - organism

A

salmonella

33
Q

sickle cell people are at risk of what bacteria - why

A

encapsulated- due to functional asplenia

34
Q

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

A

Lead poisoning

35
Q

lines occur at the metaphyses

A

lead poisoning

36
Q

basophilic stippling

A

Lead poisoning

37
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

mono

38
Q

normochromic normocytic but decreased RBC production

A

anemia of chronic disease

39
Q

life span of rbc

A

120 days

40
Q

hemolytic anemia symptoms

A

jaundice

41
Q

reticulocyte counts

A

production of RBC

42
Q

diagnosis often mistaken for gilberts syndrome

A

hereditary spherocytosis

43
Q

spectrin

A

hereditary spherocytosis

44
Q

tx of hereditary spherocytosis

A

splenectomy

45
Q

Howell Jolly bodies

A

show decreased splenic function

46
Q

Nationality of alpha thalassemia

A

African American

47
Q

nationality of beta thalassemia

A

Mediterranean

48
Q

tx for thalassemia - major

A

transfusions

49
Q

basophilic stippling with target cells or tear drop cells

A

thalassemia

50
Q

ITP follows

A

a viral infection

51
Q

low haptoglobin could indicate what

A

G6PD

52
Q

low haptoglobin is associated with what

A

lots of hemolysis

53
Q

treatment for von willibrans

A

desmopressin

54
Q

dark urine and jaundice in a kid

A

G6PD

55
Q

nationality of G6PD

A

Mediterranean or AA

56
Q

JAK2 mutation

A

Polycythemia vera

57
Q

staging for hodgkins and non-hodgkins

A

Ann Arbor system

58
Q

vaculated lymphocytes

A

Tay Sachs/ Niemann-Pick disease

59
Q

basophilic stipling

A

sideroblastic anemia

60
Q

Causes of sideroblastic anemia

A

Pyridoxine deficiency, drug toxicity (chloramphenicol, isoniazid), carcinoma, leukemia, chronic alcoholism and infection.

61
Q

Puritis after showering

A

polycythemia vera

62
Q

the most common malignancy of the head and neck in children

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

63
Q

lymphadenopathy below the clavicles in children ages 3-12

A

non-hosgkins lymphoma

64
Q

dohle bodies in neutrophils

A

reactive neutrophils

65
Q

iatrogenic hemolysis

A

cephalosporins

66
Q

virus is commonly associated with Burkitt lymphoma

A

EBV

67
Q

B symptoms

A

weight loss, fevers, and night sweats

68
Q

protein C deficiency

A

causes hypercoagulaiton

69
Q

HIT occurs

A

5-7 days after heparin starting

70
Q

HIT treatment

A

cessation of heparin

71
Q

Tx of tumor lysis syndrome

A

fluids and dialysis

72
Q

Medical therapy of tumor lysis syndrome

A

hydroxyurea

73
Q

How does aspirin inactivate platelets?

A

Prevents platlet aggregation - Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation.

74
Q

How do anticoagulants work

A

Coumadin- Vit K or (Heparin- thrombin or fibrin)

75
Q

von willibrans affects what factor

A

8

76
Q

increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)?

A

Spherocytosis

77
Q

Koilonychia

A

iron deficiency anemia

78
Q

most common location for spontaneous bleeding in children with hemophilia A

A

ankle

Review course (11 decks)

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