Tumor Stuff

Question 1

Tumor antigens

Answer 1

1. Mutated self proteins
2. Products of oncogenes or mutated tumor suppressor genes
3. Overexpressed or aberrantly expressed self proteins
4. Oncogenic virus

Question 2

MAGE-1

Answer 2

melanomas and other transformed cells

Question 3

CEA (cardinoembryonic antigen)

Answer 3

colon cancer

Question 4

alpha-fetoprotein

Answer 4

Liver and testicular cancer

Question 5

CALLA or CD10

Answer 5

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T or B cell origin)

Question 6

PSA

Answer 6

prostate cancer

Question 7

How do tumors escape immune response?

Answer 7

1. Defective in MHC class I expression
2. Production of suppressive cytokines (TGF-beta and Th2 cytokines)
3. Lack of co-stimulatory signals
4. Out-growth of antigen-negative variants
5. Shedding of MIC by epithelial tumor cells to inhibit NKG2D+ NK cells

Question 8

Potential immunotherapies against tumor cells

Answer 8

1. Antibody against tumor antigen
2. Tumor vaccines
3. Dendritic cell therapy (DC isolated and loaded with tumor antigens, DCs injected to boost anti-tumor T cell response)
4. T cell therapy (T cells activated with tumor antigens and cytokines (IL-12) injected back into patients)

Question 9

HER2

Answer 9

breast cancer, gastric cancer