B2.1 - Cells & Simple Cell Transport

Question 1

What EXTRA parts do plants cells have?

Answer 1

a CELL WALL
a PERMANENT VACULOE
CHLOROPLASTS

Question 2

What does a NUCLEUS do?

Answer 2

Contains GENETIC MATERIAL, which controls the activities of the cell

Question 3

What does the CYTOPLASM do?

Answer 3

Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes

Question 4

What does the CELL MEMBRANE do?

Answer 4

Controls the passage of substances into ⬅️ and out ➡️ of the cell

Question 5

What do the MITOCHONDRIA do?

Answer 5

Most energy is RELEASED by RESPIRATION here

Question 6

What do the RIBOSOMES do?

Answer 6

Protein synthesis occurs here

Question 7

What does the CELL WALL do?

Answer 7

Strengthens the cell. It is made of cellulose

Question 8

What do the CHLOROPLASTS do?

Answer 8

Contain CHLOROPHYLL - absorbs light energy☀️ for photosynthesis

Question 9

What does a PERMANENT VACUOLE do?

Answer 9

Filled with cell sapto help keep cell TURGID (enlarged and swollen with water)

Question 10

What is BACTERIUM?

Answer 10

A single-celled organism

Question 11

How is the structure of a bacterial cell different to that of an animal or plant cell?

Answer 11

Although it has CYTOPLASM and a MEMBRANE, surrounded by a CELL WALL, the GENETIC MATERIAL is NOT in a distinct nucleus.

Question 12

What is YEAST?

Answer 12

A single-called organism

Question 13

What is the structure of a yeast cell like?

Answer 13

It has CYTOPLASM, a MEMBRANE surrounded by a CELL WALL and a NUCLEUS

Question 14

What are examples of SPECIALISED CELLS?

Answer 14

leaf cell
root hair cell
sperm cell
red blood cell

Question 15

What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a LEAF cell?

Answer 15

FUNCTION…
Absorbs light energyfor photosynthesis.

ADAPTATIONS…
Packed with chloroplasts
Regular shaped, closely packed cells form continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight☀️

Question 16

What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a ROOT HAIR cell?

Answer 16

FUNCTION…
Absorbs waterand mineral ions from soil.

ADAPTATIONS…
Long ‘finger-like’ protrusion with very thin wall - gives large surface area

Question 17

What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a SPERM CELL?

Answer 17

FUNCTION…
Fertilises egg cell - female gamete

ADAPTATIONS…
Head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate egg cell membrane
Middle section packed with mitochondria for energy
Tail moves sperm to egg

Question 18

What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of RED BLOOD❤️ cells?

Answer 18

FUNCTION…
Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells.

ADAPTATIONS…
Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily.
Shape increases surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
No nucleus, so whole cell full of haemoglobin

Question 19

How do dissolved substances pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 19

DIFFUSION

Question 20

What is DIFFUSION?

Answer 20

The S P R E A D I N G of particles of a gas or any substance in solution, resulting in NET MOVEMENT from region of HIGHconcentration to a region of LOWERconcentration.

Question 21

What INCREASES the rate of diffusion?

Answer 21

A greater difference in concentration.

Question 22

What must there be for particles to move from a high to low concentration?

Answer 22

A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Question 23

What happens to oxygen in the lungs in terms of diffusion?

Answer 23

Blood❤️ will continue to take in oxygen from the alveolar air spaces provided the concentration of oxygen is GREATER there than in the blood❤️.

Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar walls into➡️ the blood❤️ and the circulation takes the oxygen-rich blood away.

Question 24

What do animal cells and plant cells BOTH have?

Answer 24

a NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
a CELL MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA
RIBOSOMES