Chapter 2.4 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

How many groups of carbs are there?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

Monosaccharides are made up of ____

Answer 2

A single sugar molecule

Question 3

Sugar molecules have this formula…

Answer 3

(CH2O)n

Question 4

Glucose formula

Answer 4

C6 H12 O6

Question 5

Fructose formula

Answer 5

C6 H12 O6

Question 6

Difference between glucose and fructose monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Placement of carbon

Question 7

How do the a-glucose and b-glucose monosaccharides differ?

Answer 7

Reversal of H and OH on first carbon

Question 8

Disaccharide

Answer 8

2 sugar molecules joined by glycosidic linkage

Question 9

In a disaccharide, molecules are joined by ____

Answer 9

a glycosidic linkage

Question 10

Glucose and fructose come together to form _____ with equation ____

Answer 10

• sucrose
• C12 H22 O11

Remember that water molecule (H2O) is lost during linkage. Glucose and fructose each have formula C12 H24 O12 and then subtract H2 O

Question 11

What is condensation reaction?

Answer 11

Chemical reaction where 2 molecules join by glycosidic linkage and small molecule is lost

Question 12

What is dehydration reaction?

Answer 12

Where water molecule is lost in condensation reaction

Question 13

Difference between condensation reaction and dehydration reaction?

Answer 13

C: any small molecule is lost
D: water molecule is lost

Question 14

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 14

Molecule splits to form 2 molecules by addition of water

Question 15

What is the reverse reaction of a dehydration reaction?

Answer 15

Hydrolysis

Question 16

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

Series of connected monosaccharides

Question 17

Polysaccharides are ______

Answer 17

polymers

Question 18

Why are polysaccharides polymers?

Answer 18

Because it’s a repeating unit of monosaccharides

Question 19

What are the 2 polymers of a-glucose molecules? 2 polymers of b-glucose molecules?

Answer 19

• Starch and glycogen

- Cellulose and chitin

Question 20

Starch is used as…

Answer 20

The principal energy storage molecule in plant cells

Question 21

How are carbs divided into groups?

Answer 21

Depending on number of saccharides (sugars) present

Question 22

Glycogen is used as…

Answer 22

The principal energy storage molecule in animal cells

Question 23

Cellulose is used as…

Answer 23

Structural molecule in plant cell walls, and major component of wood

Question 24

Chitin is used as…

Answer 24

Structural molecule in fungus cell walls and in exoskeletons of insects, anthropods, and mollusks

Question 25

Difference between structure of cellulose and chitin?

Answer 25

Chitin has a nitrogen-containing group attached to the ring

Question 26

How can the a-glycosidic linkages in starch be broken down?

Answer 26

By human digestion

Question 27

Who can break down the b-glycosidic links in cellulose bonds?

Answer 27

Only specialized organisms can break them down

Question 28

Difference between structure of starch and cellulose?

Answer 28

In cellulose polymer, each monosaccharide rotates 180 degrees