Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering?
Where the genes from one organism are inserted into the DNA of another organism.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic (e.g. eye colour)
The genetic information of a cell is found inside the…
nucleus
Genetic information is stored inside the nucleus as
chromosomes
Chromosomes contain…
genes
Chromosomes are made from…
DNA
A section of DNA found inside a chromosome is called a…
gene
Genes are cut from chromosomes using…
enzymes
GMO stands for…
Genetically Modified Organism
Humans have genetically modified bacteria to produce…
human insulin
Why do humans need insulin?
To help the body to use sugar
People who have problems producing insulin have…
diabetes
Bacteria have circular rings of DNA called…
plasmids
Genes can be inserted into plasmids using…
enzymes
List the steps involved in genetically modifying bacteria to produce insulin
- Use enzyme to cut out insulin gene from human chromosome
- Insert insulin gene into bacterial plasmid.
- Put plasmid back into bacteria using enzyme
- Grow bacteria in fermenter and collect insulin
