abnormal curvatures

Question 1

what is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?

Answer 1

the risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis

Question 2

what does magnitude of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 2

the length and angle of the curve deviation on x-ray

Question 3

what is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

Answer 3

the Cobb method

Question 4

what does location of scoliosis infer?

Answer 4

the location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

Question 5

what does direction of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 5

the side the convexity of the curve will bend toward

Question 6

what does etiology of scoliosis mean?

Answer 6

the cause of the scoliosis

Question 7

what is structural scoliosis?

Answer 7

a more radical form of scoliosis, it may worsen, associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc, frequently has a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 8

what is nonstructural scoliosis?

Answer 8

a mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, not associated with structural deformities of the vertebra or intervertebral disc and lacks a fixed angle of trunk rotation

Question 9

what are some of the classifications of scoliosis based on etiology?

Answer 9

congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, nerve root irritation, idiopathic

Question 10

what is the classification of scoliosis that is unique to the individual patient?

Answer 10

idiopathic scoliosis

Question 11

what does idiopathic scoliosis infer?

Answer 11

the scoliosis is unique to the individual, it has no known cause, unknown etiology

Question 12

what is the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in the population?

Answer 12

1% to 4% of the population

Question 13

what is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 13

from birth to 3 years old

Question 14

what is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 14

from 3 years old to 10 years old

Question 15

what is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 15

over 10 years old

Question 16

identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 16

left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

Question 17

identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 17

right thoracic, females over 6 years old and 12%-21% incidence

Question 18

identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 18

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females and 80% incidence

Question 19

what is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 19

an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families

Question 20

what is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?

Answer 20

the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen