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BIOL Unit 6 Campbell > 38 Chapter > Flashcards

38 Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

Sporophytes

A

Spore-producing plants

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2
Q

Gametophytes

A

Gamete-producing plants

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3
Q

Three key derived traits of angiosperm reproduction (the three Fs):

A

Flowers
Double Fertilization
Fruits

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4
Q

Flowers are…

A

The reproductive shoots of angiosperm sporophytes

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5
Q

Receptacle

A

Part of the stem where all the floral organs are attached

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6
Q

Reproductive floral organs:

A

Carpels
Stamens

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7
Q

Sterile floral organs:

A

Sepals
Petals

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8
Q

Components of a carpel:

A

An ovary at its base and a long, slender neck called the style. At the top of the style is a sticky structure called the stigma that captures pollen.

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9
Q

Ovules

A

Are within the ovary. Become seeds if fertilized.

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10
Q

Pistil

A

Term used to refer to a single carpel or two or more fused carpels.

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11
Q

Chamber

A

Component of the ovary containing the ovule in the carpel..

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12
Q

A stamen consists of…

A

A stalk called the filament and a terminal structure called the anther.

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13
Q

Anther

A

Contains chambers called microsporangia

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14
Q

Microsporangia

A

Pollen sacs that produce pollen.

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15
Q

Petals are typically more brightly colored than sepals and advertise the flower to insects and other animal pollinators.

A

True

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16
Q

Sepals function

A

Enclose and protect unopened floral buds

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17
Q

Complete flowers

A

Have all four basic floral organs

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18
Q

Incomplete flowers

A

Lack a sepal, petal, stamen, or carpel.

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19
Q

Sterile flowers

A

Lacking functional stamens and carpels

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20
Q

Unisexual

A

Lacking either stamens or carpels

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21
Q

Inflorescence

A

A group of flowers tightly clustered together

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22
Q

Embryo sac

A

Female gametophyte (structure that produces female gametes)

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23
Q

Integuments

A

Layers of protective sporophytic tissue that will develop into the seed coat

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24
Q

Micropyle

A

Gap between integuments and the megasporangium.

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25
Megasporocyte
Megaspore mother cell
26
Megaspores
Products of megasporocyte meiosis
27
Microsporocytes
Microspore mother cells
28
Microspores
Give rise to a haploid male gametophyte
29
Components of a pollen grain
A generative cell The tube cell The spore wall
30
Pollen grain
A structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
31
Spore wall
Consists of material produced by both the microspore and the anther, usually exhibits an elaborate pattern unique to the species.
32
During maturation of the male gametophyte, the generative cell passes into the tube cell.
True
33
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.
34
Pollen tube
A long cellular protuberance that delivers sperm to the female gametophyte.
35
Fertilization
The fusion of gametes; Occurs after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte
36
Endosperm
A food-storing tissue of the seed
37
Double fertilization
The union of the two sperm cells with different nuclei of the female gametophyte
38
Cotyledons
Seed leaves
39
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma is accomplished by:
Wind Water Animals
40
Coevolution
The joint evolution of two interacting species, each in response to selection imposed by the other
41
From seed to flowering plant includes the processes of…
Endosperm development Embryo development Seed dormancy Seed germination Seedling development Flowering
42
Suspensor
Helps in transferring nutrients to the embryo from the parent plant
43
Spherical proembryo
Early embryo
44
Dormancy
When the embryo stops growing and its metabolism nearly ceases.
45
Dormancy is imposed by the presence of an intact ____________ rather than by the embryo itself
Seed coat
46
Hypocotyl
The embryonic axis where the two cotyledons are attached
47
Radicle
Embryonic root
48
Epicotyl
The portion of the embryonic axis above where the cotyledons are attached and below the first pair of miniature leaves
49
Plumule
Epicotyl Young leaves Shoot apical meristem
50
Scutellum
Specialized cotyledon; small shield
51
The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed within two protective sheathes:
Coleoptile Coleorhiza
52
Coleoptile
Covers the young shoot
53
Coleorhiza
Covers the young root
54
Imbibition
The uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed.
55
Fruit
The mature ovary of a flower.
56
Pericarp
The thickened wall of the fruit
57
Simple fruits
Are derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels.
58
Aggregate fruit
Results from a single flower that has more than one separate carpel, each forming a small fruit
59
Fruitlets
Small fruits (like raspberry)
60
Multiple fruit
Develops from an inflorescence
61
Accessory fruits
When other floral parts contribute to the fruit
62
Asexual reproduction
A process where offspring are derived from a single parent without fusion of egg and sperm.
63
Fragmentation
The separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole planta
64
Apomixis
A mechanism of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without pollination or fertilization.
65
Asexual reproduction in plants is also known as _____________
Vegetative reproduction
66
Staminate flowers
Lacking carpels
67
Carpellate flowers
Lacking stamens
68
Dioecious species
Plants cannot self-fertilize because different individuals have either staminate flowers or carpellate flowers.
69
Self-incompatibility
The ability of a plant to reject its own pollen and the pollen of closely related individuals
70
Recognition of “self” pollen is based on genes called S-genes
Truue
71
Two types of self-incompatibility
Gametophytic Sporophytic
72
In gametophytic self-incompatibility,…
The S-allele in the pollen genome governs the blocking of fertilization.
73
In sporophytic self-incompatibility,…
Fertilization is blocked by S-allele gene products in tissues of the parental sporophyte.
74
Totipotent
Any cell that can divide and asexually generate a clone of the original organism in a multicellular organism.
75
Vegetative propagation
The type of vegetative reproduction in which humans interfere.
76
Callus
Where adventitious roots develop
77
Stock
The plant that provides the roots in process of vegetative propagation known as grafting.
78
Scion
The twig grafted onto the stock
79
Transgenic
Describes organisms that have been engineered to express a gene from another species.
80
Biofuels
Fuels derived from living biomass
81
Biomass
Is the total mass of organic matter in a group of organisms in a particular habitat.

BIOL Unit 6 Campbell (5 decks)

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