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Bio Death Flashcards

0
Q

Cells in multicellular organisms have many different shapes and sizes. These differences in cells are called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to….

A

Perform different functions.

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1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism.

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2
Q

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the

A

Meter.

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3
Q

Living systems are

A

composed of two or more cells.

NOOOOOOOO

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4
Q

Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely

A

Design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis

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5
Q

Using his antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne chemicals (called pheromones) upwind to the female producing them. This is an example of how living things

A

Respond to stimuli

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6
Q

Life is organized in a hierarchal fashion. Which of the following sequences illustrates the hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

A

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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7
Q

An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria

A

To be more resistant to that antibiotic

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8
Q

Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for the winter

A

Living things respond to their environment

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9
Q

The role of a control in an experiment is to

A

Provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group

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10
Q

The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles, quarts, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, millileters, and liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?

A

The metric system is based on multiples of 10.

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11
Q

The smallest unit of life is

A

A cell

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way that science influences society ?

A

Science gives society answers to difficult ethical issues .

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13
Q

You are testing treatments for AIDS sufferers and find that 75% respond very well and 25% show no improvement or decline in health after your experimental treatment. You should

A

Review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment

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14
Q

How many meters are in 2.4 km?

A

2,400

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15
Q

During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests

A

A single variable

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16
Q

What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?

A

An organ system includes tissues.

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17
Q

To test the effect of vitamin D growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet, but one of the groups also received daily injections of vitamin D. The injections of vitamin D in this experiment are considered the

A

Independent variable

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18
Q

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

A

Testable and falsifiable

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19
Q

1mL of an experimental drug is injected into 20 pregnant mice to observe possible side effects. Which of the following would be a suitable control group?

A

20 pregnant mice injected with 1mL of saline (water mixture)

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20
Q

Sweat glands are very important for humans. If a person is born without sweat glands, they typically do not survive. Why not?

A

Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining temperature homeostasis.

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21
Q

Cyte

A

Cell

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22
Q

Poly

A

Many

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23
Q

Centi

A

Hundreth

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24
Q

Exo

A

Outside

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25
Q

Multi

A

Many

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26
Q

Phyll

A

Leaf

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27
Q

Kilo

A

Thousand

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28
Q

Ose

A

Sugar

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29
Q

Milli

A

Thousandth

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30
Q

Saccharide

A

Sugar

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31
Q

Bio

A

Life

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32
Q

A sunflower follows the Sun as it moves across the sky during the day.

A

Respond to stimuli

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33
Q

Humans get goosebumps when the temperature gets cold so they can warm themselves.

A

Homeostasis

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34
Q

Over time the neck of a giraffe has increased as only those giraffes with longer necks survived and were able to reproduce to pass those genes to the next generation.

A

Evolve

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35
Q

Unicellular organism moved from direct light.

A

Respond to stimuli

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36
Q

Carbon cycles travel through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

A

Transpiration

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37
Q

When all vegetation is removed from a site by human activity or by natural forces such as a fire, _________ species are the first to begin colonizing the site.

A

Pioneer

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38
Q

The tiny wasp Ooencyrtus kuvannae lays its eggs inside a caterpillar. When the wasp larvae hatch, they burrow into the caterpillar and eat them from the inside. When they have completed their development, the larvae cut their way out of the caterpillar to begin their next stage of development. The caterpillar is chemically tricked into taking care of the wasp larvae until it starves to death. This is an example of

A

Parasitism

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39
Q

During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain may leave its usual hunting ground to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is due to

A

The change in an abiotic factor in its environment.

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40
Q

In an average ecosystem, about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the higher trophic level?

A

Ten times as much

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41
Q

Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called

A

Scavengers

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42
Q

Introduced or exotic species, like the Spanish moss covering trees in
Florida, often explode in numbers, reaching densities in their new homes far greater than they ever did in their original range. This is most likely because

A

The competitors, predators, and parasites which normally control their population size are not present in their new home.

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43
Q

What is true about phosphorus?

A

Phosphorus is an important component of RNA and DNA.

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44
Q

A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?

A

Carnivore, consumer

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45
Q

To recycle nutrients, the minimum an ecosystem must have is

A

producers and decomposes.

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46
Q 
A hypothetical community on a barren Mid-Atlantic island (based in the community founded by Darwin in the Galápagos Islands) consists of two fish-eating seabirds (the booby and the noddy), fungi and micro organisms that live on the birds dung, a tick that feeds on the birds, a moth that feeds on cast off feathers of the bird, a beetle that lives on the dung organisms, and spiders that eat other insects. There are no plants in this community. Which of the following incorrectly pairs a member of the community with its trophic level?
A. Tick, parasite
B. Spiders, top predators
C. Fungi, decomposers
D. Booby and noddy, primary producers
A

D. Booby and noddy, primary producers

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47
Q

The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the

A

Ecosystem

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48
Q

All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT

A

Longitude

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49
Q

Which of the following types of sciences interaction is correctly paired with its effects on the density of the two interacting populations?

A

Commensalism: as one increases the other stays the same

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50
Q

Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organisms life processes, and the rest is

A

Eliminated as heat

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51
Q

During the course of the formation of a parasite/host relationship, a critical first step in this evolution would be

A

Deriving nourishment without killing its host

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52
Q

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

A

Because of the competitive exclusion principle

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53
Q

Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by

A

Bacteria

54
Q

Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

A

Zooplankton - tertiary consumer

55
Q

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

A

Chemosynthetic bacteria

56
Q

How is parasitism different from commensalism?

A

One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism.

57
Q

The African elephant is considered to be a keystone species because

A

Removal of the elephants from their community would result in drastic changes in the entire community

58
Q

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?

A

They obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

59
Q

Which of the following could NOT be a topic for a community-level study of a hydro-thermal vent ecosystem (under-water volcano)?

A

Evolution in a bacterial population response to changing water composition and temperature

60
Q

The energy that powers the flight of an eagle

A

Came originally from the Sun and will eventually return to space

61
Q

If a field contains approximately 5000 kilocalories of energy in grass, which is eaten by crickets, which are eaten by birds, approximately how many kilocalories of energy could be in the birds which live in the field?

A

50

62
Q

The Masai tribesmen of Africa regularly consume the blood and milk of their cattle without killing them. Based on this information alone, we might classify this relationship as ____________. However, it turns out that the cattle actually derive a net benefit as the herdsman also protect them from predators and them find water, food, and shelter. This relationship would instead best be classified as __________.

A

Parasitism, mutualism

63
Q

Nitrogen fixation is important because it

A

Synthesizes ground nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen .

64
Q

What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?

A

Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces.

65
Q

Which is an example of how biotic and abiotic factors interact?

A

Tree roots split apart rocks in the ground.

66
Q

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

A

Number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem

67
Q

Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a pioneer plant species involved in primary or secondary succession?

A

Slow growing and reproduces rarely.

68
Q

Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration?

A

A “walking stick” that resembles a twig

A Dante that’s dressed as a marine

69
Q

Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they

A

Occupy different niches within the tree.

70
Q

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is

A

A community.

71
Q

Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be

A

more productive because bacteria living on the roots of legumes fix nitrogen in the soil.

72
Q

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

A

Energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.

73
Q

Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus,

A

Distribution of sunlight

74
Q

Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes. What best describes the interactions between dwarf mistletoes and trees?

A

Parasitism

75
Q

How does an area’s weather different from an area’s climate?

A

Weather is the area’s day-to-day conditions and climate is the area’s average conditions.

76
Q

Two barnacles, Balanus and Cthamalus, can both survive on the lower rocks just above the low-tide line on the Scottish coast, but only Balanus actually does so, with Cthamalus adopting a higher zone. What best accounts for this niche separation?

A

Competitive exclusion

77
Q

Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed. Which of the following terms would best describe this plant-herbivore interaction ?

A

Mutualism

78
Q

Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive ?

A

Ecosystem, community, population, individual

79
Q

What is an example of Müllerian mimicry?

A

Two species of unpalatable butterfly that have the same color pattern

80
Q

What is an example of Batesian mimicry?

A

A non-venomous snake that looks like a venomous snake

81
Q

How do most primary producers make their own food?

A

By using light energy to make carbohydrates

82
Q

An organism’s niche is

A

The range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce

83
Q

An interaction in which an animal feeds on a plant is

A

Herbivory

84
Q

Most die young, but few live to old age.

A

Type III Survivorship Curve

85
Q

Death rate constant over life spans.

A

Type II Survivorship Curve

86
Q

Characteristic of squirrels and lizards.

A

Type II Survivorship Curve

87
Q

Most offspring live a long life and did of old age.

A

Type I Survivorship Curve

88
Q

Characteristic of mosquitoes.

A

Type III Survivorship Curve

89
Q

Fire

A

Density-Independent Factor

90
Q

Competition for nest sites

A

Density-dependent factor

91
Q

Predation

A

Density-dependent factor

92
Q

Population close to K

A

Density-dependent factor

93
Q

Affects all populations in similar ways - regardless of size and density

A

Density-independent factor

94
Q

r-Selection life history emphasis

A

No carrying capacity, much lower K, keeps going

95
Q

K-Selection life history emphasis

A

Stability (live) around carrying capacity

96
Q

r-Selection relative body size

A

Small

97
Q

K-Selection relative body size

A

Large

98
Q

r-Selection number of offspring per reproduction

A

Large amount

99
Q

K-Selection number of offspring per reproduction

A

Small amount

100
Q

r-Selection age at first reproduction

A

Younger

101
Q

K-Selection age at first reproduction

A

Older

102
Q

r-Selection quality of childcare

A

Low prenatal care

103
Q

K-Selection quality of childcare

A

High prenatal care

104
Q

r-Selection density

A

Independent

105
Q

K-Selection density

A

Dependent

106
Q

r-Selection example

A

Bunny or spider

107
Q

K-Selection example

A

Bear or human

108
Q

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?

A

By identifying the bones as being homologous and by proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor

109
Q

According to the Hardy-Weinburg principle, genetic equilibrium would be more likely in a population of mice if

A

No natural selection

110
Q

As a young biologist, Charles Darwin had expected the living plants of temperate South America would resemble those of temperate Europe, but he was surprised to rind that they more closely resembled the plants of tropical South America. The biological explanation for this observation is most properly associated with the field of

A

Biogeography

111
Q

What is the main reason for the increase in the number of kingdoms?

A

As scientists learned more about genetics and biochemistry, some organisms were moved out of existing kingdoms and into new ones.

112
Q

What do Hox genes control?

A

Patterns of embryological development

113
Q

A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a simple dominant-recessive pattern will result in

A

Two phenotypes

114
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms

A

Have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection

115
Q

The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called

A

Genetic equilibrium

116
Q

What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?

A

The relative degrees of evolutionary relationships among lineages.

117
Q

The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called_____________, whereas the type that occurs with a natural disaster is called ___________.

A

The founder effect, the bottleneck effect

118
Q

Which naturalist synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin?

A

Alfred Wallace

119
Q

Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection ?

A

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

120
Q

Study of evolutionary relationships

A

Phylogeny

121
Q

Consists of all the alleles of a population

A

Gene pool

122
Q

Organisms with a vertebrate

A

Chordata

123
Q

Controlled by two or more traits; produces many possible

A

Polygenic traits

124
Q

Examples include acidophile, halophile, methanogen

A

Archaebacteria

125
Q

Are heterotrophic decomposers

A

Fungi

126
Q

Can be plant-like, animal-like, and fungi-like

A

Protista

127
Q

Examples include E.coli salmonella

A

Bacteria

128
Q

When comparing organisms from islands to the mainland, scientists notice the farther the island the more diverse they become

A

Biogeography

129
Q

When comparing DNA and proteins, cabbage and cauliflower have very similar sequences

A

Molecular biology

130
Q

The similar development of cells in butterfly larvae and tadpoles

A

Embryology

131
Q

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

A

Hydrogen bonds

132
Q

What are the normal tonicity conditions for plant and animal cells?

A

The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.

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