First lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Two branches of science?

A

Anatomy and Physiology

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2
Q

Anatomy is?

A

The study of structure and the relationships among structures. Lock and Key

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3
Q

Physiology deals with?

A

The functions of the body parts: that is, how they work. How the key makes the tumblers unlock.

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4
Q

Physiology is _________. Anatomy is _________.

A

Medicine; Surgery

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5
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

1) Chemical Level
2) Cellular Level
3) Tissue Level
4) Organ Level
5) Organismic Level

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6
Q

What is the Chemical Level

A

The level of organization with the smallest components. Includes all atoms and molecules in the body.

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7
Q

Describe the Cellular level

A

Molecules combine to form the Cellular Level. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of an organism.

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8
Q

What are the structural and functional components of cells

A

Organelles

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9
Q

Tissue level: how is tissue made

A

Tissues are groups of cell that usually arise from a common ancestor and work together to preform a particular function.

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10
Q

What are the basic types of tissues in the body?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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11
Q

What is the function of Epithelial tissue

A

Cover body surfaces, Lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts.

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12
Q

Connective tissue does what

A

Protects and supports the body and its organs. Binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat and provides immunity.

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13
Q

What are muscle tissue responsible for

A

Movement and generation of force

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14
Q

Nervous tissue functions include

A

Initiates and transcripts action potential that help coordinate body activities

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15
Q

Organ level is made up of

A

Different kinds of tissues that combine to make different organs that are through out the body

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16
Q

Organs are

A

Structures that are composed of two or more different types if tissue, have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.

17
Q

What level is the larges level

A

Organismic level

18
Q

Describe the Organismic level

A

All the parts of the body functioning with one another comprise the total organism - one living individual/ animal.

19
Q

What are the important life processes

A

1) Metabolism
2) Responsiveness
3) Movement
4) Growth
5) Differentiation

20
Q

What is Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.

21
Q

Phases of Metabolism

A

I) Catabolism

II) Anabolism

22
Q

What is catabolism

A

Involves breaking down large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones.

23
Q

Describe anabolism

A

The use of energy from catabolism to build the structural and functional components of the body

24
Q

What is responsiveness

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the external or environment. Different cells detect different sorts of changes and respond in characteristic ways.

25
Q

Movement is

A

Motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cell or even organelles inside cells

26
Q

Define growth

A

increase in size that results from an increase in the number or size of cells.

27
Q

What is the change cells undergo to develop form unspecialized to a specialized state

A

Differentiation

28
Q

What is the difference between specialized and unspecialized cells

A

Specilized cells have structural and functional characteristics that differ from their undifferentiated ancestor cells.