Exam 2

Question 1

What is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?

Answer 1

Vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery

Question 2

The development of limbs is the most significant event in the evolution of

Answer 2

Vertebrates

Question 3

Double fertilization occurs in _____ and produces _____ and _____.

Answer 3

Angiosperms… the embryo… the endosperm

Question 4

The structure that is part of the gametophyte and produces sperm is the

Answer 4

Antheridium

Question 5

Which of the taxa does the mature sphorophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Answer 5

Bryophyte

Question 6

The major mechanism driving xylem flow is ____. Plants _____ need to expend energy to drive xylem flow by this process.

Answer 6

Transpiration/cohesion tension… do not.

Question 7

Hemocyanin is the respiratory pigment of _____ and uses _____ as the oxygen binding component.

Answer 7

Arthropods; copper.

Question 8

Which structures permit gas exchange in plants?

Answer 8

Stomates in leaves; lenticels in stems; aerenchyma in roots.

Question 9

What is true regrading the nasal passage?

Answer 9

It is involved in the warming of inhaled air.

Question 10

The adult stem cells found in red bone marrow from which all blood cells are derived are called ____.

Answer 10

Hemocytoblasts.

Question 11

In angiosperms, the pollen grain is the ______.

Answer 11

Male gametophyte.

Question 12

Re-ingesting cecotrophes is important for the nutritional balance of _____.

Answer 12

Rabbits.

Question 13

In which phylum do you see organisms that posses an ostia, porocytes, and choanaocytes and clerocytes?

Answer 13

Porifera.

Question 14

In which major plant group did the true vascular system first appear?

Answer 14

Ferns.

Question 15

Which if the following is/are characteristics of all primates?

Answer 15

Opposable thumbs.

Question 16

Birds have 3 types of feathers, primary, secondary, and contour feathers. What is the function of secondary feathers?

Answer 16

They are located closer to the body and provide lift.

Question 17

In which of the following are there valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong direction?

Answer 17

Veins and between the atria and ventricles of the heart.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics helped to facilitate flight in birds?

Answer 18

Pneumatic bones.

Question 19

What happens on the source end of phloem tubes?

Answer 19

Loading of sugars into phloem elements causes inflow of water by osmosis.

Question 20

Features advantageous for terrestrial life possessed by reptiles, but not by amphibians are _____ and _____.

Answer 20

Keratinized scales; amniotic eggs.

Question 21

In the amniotic egg, what is the function of the amnion/amniotic membrane?

Answer 21

Produces a fluid that baths and protects the embryo.

Question 22

The phase of the life cycle of land pants that produces spores is the _____.

Answer 22

Sporophyte.

Question 23

Activation of pepsin in the stomach _____.

Answer 23

Initiates the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach.

Question 24

Bony skeleton, swim bladder, gills and being covered in scales best describes _____.

Answer 24

Osteichthyes.

Question 25

Mycorrhizal fungi are ______.

Answer 25

Nutritional parasites of plant roots.

Question 26

From an evolutionary standpoint, Pterosaurs are important because _____.

Answer 26

They were the first tetrapods that had wings which gave rise to birds.

Question 27

Which of the clades of mammals has the most well developed placenta?

Answer 27

Eutherians. (us)

Question 28

What is a benefit of having a 4 chambered heart versus a 3 chambered heart?

Answer 28

A 4 chambered heart allows you to deliver more oxxygen rich blood to the tissues whereas with a 3 chambered heart you get mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 29

What structure do all chordates have in common?

Answer 29

Notochord.

Question 30

In both the lungs and body tissues O2 diffuses _____, and CO2 diffueses _____.

Answer 30

Passively down the gradient (both).

Question 31

Heterosporous ferns have _____.

Answer 31

Sperm and egg producing structures on separate gametophytes.

Question 32

Cnidarians have 2 body types. In which class of Cnidaria is the medusa form completely absent?

Answer 32

Anthozoa.

Question 33

Animals that are classified as frugivores are

Answer 33

Herbivores.

Question 34

The reproductive structure in annelids that lacks segmentation is called the _____.

Answer 34

Clitellum.

Question 35

Bile _____.

Answer 35

Emulsifies fats in the duodenum.

Question 36

Two characteristics of gynosperms that are not present in ferns are _____ and _____.

Answer 36

Seeds and pollen.

Question 37

In the digestive system, peristalsis is _____.

Answer 37

Smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Question 38

What is a characteristic that all animals in the phylum mollusca have in common?

Answer 38

Muscular foot.

Question 39

What form of nitrogen can plants use?

Answer 39

Nitrogen from the atmosphere that has been fixed by soil bacteria.
Nitrogen from organic matter decomposed by soil bacteria.

Question 40

Nutritionally, almost all land plants are photoautotrophs. This means they obtain their energy from _____ and they need _____ as a source of carbon.

Answer 40

Light… only CO2.

Question 41

What describes “essential” nutrients?

Answer 41

Nutrients that must be in the diet because the animals are not able to synthesize them.

Question 42

In which plant groups is environmental water required for sperm to swim to eggs during sexual reproduction?

Answer 42

Bryophytes and ferns.

Question 43

In order for carbohydrates to be absorbed by the small intestine they must be broken down to monosaccharides. The disaccaride lactose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides?

Answer 43

Glucose and Galactose.

Question 44

What is the correct order of the parts of small intestine starting from stomach to ending at the large intestines?

Answer 44

Duodenum –> jejunum –> Ilium

Question 45

Shark eggs are fertilized internally with the most common way of embryo development being ovoviparous. What best describes the term ovoviparous?

Answer 45

The embryo develops within the uterus and ins nourished by the egg yolk.

Question 46

A person has blood type A+. What does this mean?

Answer 46

They have A and D antigens on their erythocytes.