Industrial Toxicology

Question 1

what work was published my Ramanzini in 1700

Answer 1

De morbis artificum diatribe

Question 2

who identified lead poisoning as the probable cause of devonshire colic in the second half of the 18th C

Answer 2

Baker

Question 3

when did Pott draw attention to high rate of scrotal cancer among chimney sweeps

Answer 3

2nd half of 18th C

Question 4

what did the several what did ramazzinis work describe

Answer 4

the symptoms of diseases found in the workplace

Question 5

what did the 1895 workshop act state

Answer 5

industrial diseases must be reported

Question 6

when was the workmens compensation act passed and what did it state

Answer 6

1897, those injured should be compensated

Question 7

in which year was the first factory inspector appointed

Answer 7

1898

Question 8

what did the 1911 national health insurance act state

Answer 8

covered workers for sickness and disablement benefits

Question 9

what was the purpose of the 1946 national insurance injuries act

Answer 9

provided compensation for loss of ability to wokr

Question 10

when was the health and safety at work act which underpins current legislation passed

Answer 10

1974

Question 11

how many tonnes of asbestos are mined each year

Answer 11

2million

Question 12

what is white asbestos called

Answer 12

chrysotile

Question 13

ehat is blue asbestos called

Answer 13

crocidolite

Question 14

what is brown asbestos called

Answer 14

amosite

Question 15

which forms of asbestos can be spun

Answer 15

chrysolite and crocidolite

Question 16

what is amosite used ofr

Answer 16

cement/plaster boards

Question 17

what is the structure based on

Answer 17

SiO2

Question 18

what is sandwiched between layers of SiO2 in asbestos

Answer 18

layers of metal oxides

Question 19

when was concern raised over high incidences of lung disease in factories and who by

Answer 19

lucy deane, late 1890s

Question 20

why was no link found between factory work and lung disease in late 1890s by government commision

Answer 20

high incidence of Tb in working class

Question 21

when was lung disease as a result of exposure to asbestos first recognised

Answer 21

1920s

Question 22

when was the asbestos regulations act introduced

Answer 22

1931

Question 23

why were the 1968/9 asbestos regulations act inadequate

Answer 23

set the acceptabl level of exposure too high

Question 24

when was the masacre at hebden bridge

Answer 24

1976

Question 25

what was the result of the masacre

Answer 25

advisory commitee apointed to review 1968 act

Question 26

when was the act passed to ban the use of asbestos in the EU from 2006

Answer 26

2003

Question 27

whatare the symptoms related to asbestos poisoning

Answer 27

inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lung, lung cancer and mesothelioma

Question 28

what is the safe limit

Answer 28

there isnt one

Question 29

why is asbestos so biopersistent

Answer 29

poorly soluble andto long to be phagocytosed or cleared by cilia

Question 30

how do numbers of chrisotile fibres increase over time

Answer 30

they split longitudnally

Question 31

what often occurs if phagocytosis does occur and what is the result

Answer 31

phacocytic vesicles rupture, releasing proteolytic enzymes and fibres into the lung tissue causing an inflammatory response

Question 32

what allows asbestos fibres to form reactove oxygen species

Answer 32

iron (II) which catalyses hydroxyl radical formation

Question 33

what is the result of reactive oxygen species formation

Answer 33

dna damage, lipid peroxidation

Question 34

how many countries have banned its use

Answer 34

52

Question 35

how many predicted deaths from mesothelioma will there be by 2050

Answer 35

90,000

Question 36

how many people are estimated to die of asbestos related diseases each year

Answer 36

100000

Question 37

what effects do fibroblasts have on collagen

Answer 37

increase type one and reduce type three making it less flexible